Suchergebnisse

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The objective of this article is to analyse the processes used to construct sustainable development indicators with reference to the multiplicity of their properties. Over and above their measurement function, the authors focus on their role in establishing standards and on the deliberation and dialogue processes that emerge from their collective construction. They suggest a typology of approaches as well as evaluation criteria to characterise them according to sustainable development properties. The authors then transpose these processes into the area of national accounting, showing that indicator building implies a nesting of social and statistical conventions. Whilst historically there has been a specialisation between technical measurement issues and the definition of the objects to be measured, the new sustainable development frame of reference suggests that the two areas should be brought together again but taking into account current imperatives concerning decentralisation and participation. Hence, these imperatives generate a significant challenge in terms of the coordination and convergence of practices, which require a re-thinking of approaches to, and attitudes of, research and implies new collective learning.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The objective of this article is to analyse the processes used to construct sustainable development indicators with reference to the multiplicity of their properties. Over and above their measurement function, the authors focus on their role in establishing standards and on the deliberation and dialogue processes that emerge from their collective construction. They suggest a typology of approaches as well as evaluation criteria to characterise them according to sustainable development properties. The authors then transpose these processes into the area of national accounting, showing that indicator building implies a nesting of social and statistical conventions. Whilst historically there has been a specialisation between technical measurement issues and the definition of the objects to be measured, the new sustainable development frame of reference suggests that the two areas should be brought together again but taking into account current imperatives concerning decentralisation and participation. Hence, these imperatives generate a significant challenge in terms of the coordination and convergence of practices, which require a re-thinking of approaches to, and attitudes of, research and implies new collective learning.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The objective of this article is to analyse the processes used to construct sustainable development indicators with reference to the multiplicity of their properties. Over and above their measurement function, the authors focus on their role in establishing standards and on the deliberation and dialogue processes that emerge from their collective construction. They suggest a typology of approaches as well as evaluation criteria to characterise them according to sustainable development properties. The authors then transpose these processes into the area of national accounting, showing that indicator building implies a nesting of social and statistical conventions. Whilst historically there has been a specialisation between technical measurement issues and the definition of the objects to be measured, the new sustainable development frame of reference suggests that the two areas should be brought together again but taking into account current imperatives concerning decentralisation and participation. Hence, these imperatives generate a significant challenge in terms of the coordination and convergence of practices, which require a re-thinking of approaches to, and attitudes of, research and implies new collective learning.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; The objective of this article is to analyse the processes used to construct sustainable development indicators with reference to the multiplicity of their properties. Over and above their measurement function, the authors focus on their role in establishing standards and on the deliberation and dialogue processes that emerge from their collective construction. They suggest a typology of approaches as well as evaluation criteria to characterise them according to sustainable development properties. The authors then transpose these processes into the area of national accounting, showing that indicator building implies a nesting of social and statistical conventions. Whilst historically there has been a specialisation between technical measurement issues and the definition of the objects to be measured, the new sustainable development frame of reference suggests that the two areas should be brought together again but taking into account current imperatives concerning decentralisation and participation. Hence, these imperatives generate a significant challenge in terms of the coordination and convergence of practices, which require a re-thinking of approaches to, and attitudes of, research and implies new collective learning.

Après avoir illustré le foisonnement d'initiatives de développement durable dans le domaine de l'aquaculture, les auteurs présentent leur démarche de coconstruction des principes, critères et indicateurs, fondée sur l'hypothèse que la mise en place du développement durable nécessite l'implication des acteurs concernés ainsi qu'un processus d'apprentissage collectif. L'élaboration des indicateurs s'effectue par rapport à des critères qui, eux-mêmes, se réfèrent à des principes rendant compte des enjeux et des représentations que les acteurs ont du développement durable. L'accent est mis sur les conditions organisationnelles et institutionnelles du processus d'apprentissage collectif qu'implique l'appropriation du développement durable comme nouveau système de valeurs. Un dispositif de coconstruction d'indicateurs de développement durable est proposé, où les indicateurs, au-delà de leur fonction de mesure, constituent des objets intermédiaires " médiateurs " facilitant la mise en place du développement durable.

SAD CT 2 Numéro thématique "Piscicultures : le poisson de demain" coordonné par J. Lazard et R. Lésel Etude originale dans partie "Quelques facteurs de développement des systèmes d'élevage" FI 2008 0.304 mars-juin 2009 ; National audience ; In becoming a reference, a constraint, a high performance action for all economic activities, sustainable development transforms not only productive and organisational practices but equally produces new subjects and research situations that require methodological renewal. On the event of a research programme on the elaboration of an evaluation approach of sustainable development in aquaculture, a methodological protocol was elaborated in a multidisciplinary manner while taking into consideration the representations of actors. This protocol also makes it possible to give an account of the territorial and institutional insertion (introduction) of fish farming systems. The logic of the coconstruction approach that is carried out, starting from the principles to identify the criteria and indicators, constitutes a standard dimension which could be applied to other fish farming systems and even to other sectors. After presenting the hypothesis and assumptions that justify the approach, the actors present the research programme while emphasising methodological aspects. In conclusion, they debate the importance and terms of generalising the method as well as the types of relationship built with the actors in this event. ; En devenant une référence, une contrainte, une action performative pour l'ensemble des activités économiques, le développement durable transforme non seulement les pratiques productives et organisationnelles, mais il produit également de nouveaux objets et situations de recherche qui nécessite des renouvellements méthodologiques. À l'occasion d'un programme de recherche sur l'élaboration d'une démarche d'évaluation du développement durable dans l'aquaculture, un protocole méthodologique a été élaboré de façon interdisciplinaire et en prenant en compte les ...

SAD CT 2 Numéro thématique "Piscicultures : le poisson de demain" coordonné par J. Lazard et R. Lésel Etude originale dans partie "Quelques facteurs de développement des systèmes d'élevage" FI 2008 0.304 mars-juin 2009 ; National audience ; In becoming a reference, a constraint, a high performance action for all economic activities, sustainable development transforms not only productive and organisational practices but equally produces new subjects and research situations that require methodological renewal. On the event of a research programme on the elaboration of an evaluation approach of sustainable development in aquaculture, a methodological protocol was elaborated in a multidisciplinary manner while taking into consideration the representations of actors. This protocol also makes it possible to give an account of the territorial and institutional insertion (introduction) of fish farming systems. The logic of the coconstruction approach that is carried out, starting from the principles to identify the criteria and indicators, constitutes a standard dimension which could be applied to other fish farming systems and even to other sectors. After presenting the hypothesis and assumptions that justify the approach, the actors present the research programme while emphasising methodological aspects. In conclusion, they debate the importance and terms of generalising the method as well as the types of relationship built with the actors in this event. ; En devenant une référence, une contrainte, une action performative pour l'ensemble des activités économiques, le développement durable transforme non seulement les pratiques productives et organisationnelles, mais il produit également de nouveaux objets et situations de recherche qui nécessite des renouvellements méthodologiques. À l'occasion d'un programme de recherche sur l'élaboration d'une démarche d'évaluation du développement durable dans l'aquaculture, un protocole méthodologique a été élaboré de façon interdisciplinaire et en prenant en compte les ...

SAD CT 2 Numéro thématique "Piscicultures : le poisson de demain" coordonné par J. Lazard et R. Lésel Etude originale dans partie "Quelques facteurs de développement des systèmes d'élevage" FI 2008 0.304 mars-juin 2009 ; National audience ; In becoming a reference, a constraint, a high performance action for all economic activities, sustainable development transforms not only productive and organisational practices but equally produces new subjects and research situations that require methodological renewal. On the event of a research programme on the elaboration of an evaluation approach of sustainable development in aquaculture, a methodological protocol was elaborated in a multidisciplinary manner while taking into consideration the representations of actors. This protocol also makes it possible to give an account of the territorial and institutional insertion (introduction) of fish farming systems. The logic of the coconstruction approach that is carried out, starting from the principles to identify the criteria and indicators, constitutes a standard dimension which could be applied to other fish farming systems and even to other sectors. After presenting the hypothesis and assumptions that justify the approach, the actors present the research programme while emphasising methodological aspects. In conclusion, they debate the importance and terms of generalising the method as well as the types of relationship built with the actors in this event. ; En devenant une référence, une contrainte, une action performative pour l'ensemble des activités économiques, le développement durable transforme non seulement les pratiques productives et organisationnelles, mais il produit également de nouveaux objets et situations de recherche qui nécessite des renouvellements méthodologiques. À l'occasion d'un programme de recherche sur l'élaboration d'une démarche d'évaluation du développement durable dans l'aquaculture, un protocole méthodologique a été élaboré de façon interdisciplinaire et en prenant en compte les ...

SAD CT 2 Numéro thématique "Piscicultures : le poisson de demain" coordonné par J. Lazard et R. Lésel Etude originale dans partie "Quelques facteurs de développement des systèmes d'élevage" FI 2008 0.304 mars-juin 2009 ; National audience ; In becoming a reference, a constraint, a high performance action for all economic activities, sustainable development transforms not only productive and organisational practices but equally produces new subjects and research situations that require methodological renewal. On the event of a research programme on the elaboration of an evaluation approach of sustainable development in aquaculture, a methodological protocol was elaborated in a multidisciplinary manner while taking into consideration the representations of actors. This protocol also makes it possible to give an account of the territorial and institutional insertion (introduction) of fish farming systems. The logic of the coconstruction approach that is carried out, starting from the principles to identify the criteria and indicators, constitutes a standard dimension which could be applied to other fish farming systems and even to other sectors. After presenting the hypothesis and assumptions that justify the approach, the actors present the research programme while emphasising methodological aspects. In conclusion, they debate the importance and terms of generalising the method as well as the types of relationship built with the actors in this event. ; En devenant une référence, une contrainte, une action performative pour l'ensemble des activités économiques, le développement durable transforme non seulement les pratiques productives et organisationnelles, mais il produit également de nouveaux objets et situations de recherche qui nécessite des renouvellements méthodologiques. À l'occasion d'un programme de recherche sur l'élaboration d'une démarche d'évaluation du développement durable dans l'aquaculture, un protocole méthodologique a été élaboré de façon interdisciplinaire et en prenant en compte les ...

Initiatives for the sustainable development of aquaculture have so far focused on the production of codes of conduct, of best management practices, of standards etc., most of which have been developed by international organisations, the industrial sector and non governmental organisations. They were, to a large extent, produced using a "top down" process and inspired by models from intensive industrial shrimp and sea fish farming (mainly salmon). However, most of global aquaculture production comes from small- and medium-sized farms, essentially in Asia which contributes 92% of the total world aquaculture production volume. The objective of this article is to define the contours of systemic typologies that are able to express the sustainability conditions of aquaculture systems. The proposed approach builds on surveys of aquaculture systems which differ in terms of their biogeographical nature (temperate/tropical and north/south countries) or their farming techniques and their governance systems. This work is a prerequisite to any attempt at an individualised and comparative evaluation of specific aquaculture systems from either global or territorial viewpoints. In order to go beyond the cleavage of a typology based on the differentiation between developed and developing countries, three typologies were produced. These typologies allow for discriminatory variables to be identified such as for example the marketing methods or the pace of innovation: a structural typology, a functional typology and a systemic typology. Finally, the representations of aquaculture activity and of its sustainability that producers have of the 4 different types that emerge from the systemic typology were recorded and analyzed. ; Les initiatives de développement durable de l'aquaculture ont jusqu'à présent surtout consisté dans la production de codes de conduite, de guides de bonnes pratiques, de standards, etc., élaborés pour la plupart d'entre eux par des organisations internationales, le secteur industriel et des organisations non ...

Initiatives for the sustainable development of aquaculture have so far focused on the production of codes of conduct, of best management practices, of standards etc., most of which have been developed by international organisations, the industrial sector and non governmental organisations. They were, to a large extent, produced using a "top down" process and inspired by models from intensive industrial shrimp and sea fish farming (mainly salmon). However, most of global aquaculture production comes from small- and medium-sized farms, essentially in Asia which contributes 92% of the total world aquaculture production volume. The objective of this article is to define the contours of systemic typologies that are able to express the sustainability conditions of aquaculture systems. The proposed approach builds on surveys of aquaculture systems which differ in terms of their biogeographical nature (temperate/tropical and north/south countries) or their farming techniques and their governance systems. This work is a prerequisite to any attempt at an individualised and comparative evaluation of specific aquaculture systems from either global or territorial viewpoints. In order to go beyond the cleavage of a typology based on the differentiation between developed and developing countries, three typologies were produced. These typologies allow for discriminatory variables to be identified such as for example the marketing methods or the pace of innovation: a structural typology, a functional typology and a systemic typology. Finally, the representations of aquaculture activity and of its sustainability that producers have of the 4 different types that emerge from the systemic typology were recorded and analyzed. ; Les initiatives de développement durable de l'aquaculture ont jusqu'à présent surtout consisté dans la production de codes de conduite, de guides de bonnes pratiques, de standards, etc., élaborés pour la plupart d'entre eux par des organisations internationales, le secteur industriel et des organisations non gouvernementales. Ces documents ont largement été produits selon un processus de type « top down » et principalement inspirés par les modèles issus de l'aquaculture industrielle intensive de crevettes et de poissons marins (saumon principalement). Cependant, l'essentiel de la production de l'aquaculture mondiale provient d'exploitations de petite et moyenne taille, en Asie principalement qui contribue pour 92 % au volume total de la production aquacole mondiale. Cette étude vise précisément à définir les contours de typologies globales aptes à rendre compte des conditions de durabilité des systèmes piscicoles. La démarche proposée s'appuie sur des enquêtes réalisées sur des systèmes de production différenciés tant sur les plans de la biogéographie (pays tempérés et tropicaux, du nord et du sud) que des techniques d'élevage mises en œuvre et des modes de gouvernance de ces systèmes. Ce travail constitue le préalable à toute tentative d'évaluation à la fois individualisée et comparative de la durabilité de systèmes aquacoles spécifiques tant sur les plans systémique que territorial. Afin de dépasser le clivage d'une typologie basée sur la différenciation entre pays développés et en développement, trois typologies ont été produites. Elles permettent l'identification de variables discriminantes telles que par exemple le mode de commercialisation de la production ou le rythme des innovations mises en œuvre: une typologie structurelle, une typologie fonctionnelle et une typologie globale. Enfin, les représentations de l'activité piscicole et de la durabilité de celle-ci que se font les producteurs des 4 différents types ressortant de la typologie globale ont été recueillies et analysées.