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This book tells the tale of the illustrious Royal Air Force career of Tom Clark, a World War Two gunner and post-war signaller in action during some of the most pivotal events of the twentieth century. Lovingly penned by his son, it provides an authentic insight into this dynamic period of world history. From work as an air gunner, involved in the daunting task of taking on the might of Hitler''s U-boat fleet, to post-war involvement in an Intelligence capacity during the dramatic events surrounding Khrushchev and the atomic threat of the late 1950s, Clark''s career was dramatic and varied to

• Summary: This article addresses what theories, methods and procedures practitioners ought to adopt in order to resolve ethical problems in service practice. Several approaches are identified from the literature but none are entirely credible in themselves or sufficient for reliably founded ethical decision-making. The article argues that addressing ethical issues should rather be understood as a hermeneutic process. Gadamer's historically informed hermeneutics is appropriated to lend insight into this process. • Findings: Approaches to ethical decision-making identified from the literature include: a) approaches based on induction from published ethical codes; b) decision-making algorithms; c) recourse to formal tribunals; d) implicitly following routine agency practices. The place of 'reflection' in decision-making is also considered. Taking inspiration from writers in medical ethics, it is proposed that resolving ethically problematic situations should be considered as a hermeneutic process demanding a repeated and progressive quest to reconcile the detailed particularities of the case with complex, competing and evolving moral imperatives. The hermeneutic process proceeds both in relation to the case and in relation to the constantly developing standards and expectations of the professional community and the wider society, and so may be understood as a form of double hermeneutic. • Applications: Practitioners facing ethically difficult situations should envisage the issue as an incompatibility of frames of meaning, and apply a hermeneutic analysis in pursuit of a 'merging of horizons' to address conflicts of ethical views.

The Oslo Declaration of 23 February 2007 set out to achieve a legally binding international instrument that would address those cluster munitions that "cause unacceptable harm to civilians". The end result of this very clear statement of intent was the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM), agreed in Dublin, Ireland, on 30 May 2008 and opened for signature in Oslo, Norway, on 3 December 2008. The CCM is considered to be a ground-breaking international treaty regarding the detailed nature of its various articles. In this paper we consider those articles that have a direct bearing on necessary practical clearance operations on the ground: Article 3, Storage and Stockpile Destruction; Article 4, Clearance and Destruction of Cluster Munition Remnants and Risk Reduction Education; and Article 6, International Cooperation and Assistance. Adapted from the source document.

Summary: This paper presents a critique of the ethic of confidentiality in the personal service professions. Drawing on research in social work, medicine, psychiatry and related fields, on philosophical professional ethics and on current thinking in law, it argues that the idea of 'confidentiality' conflates a number of ends that are frequently in tension or incompatible. These comprise personal privacy, the safety of vulnerable individuals and the wider third party or public interest. Findings: Professionals and the interested public should not be misled by the traditional idea of confidentiality as constituting in itself a cardinal principle of professional ethics. Nevertheless, difficult conflicts of interests will still arise. It is suggested that liberal rights theory, the source of standard professional ethical codes, is inadequate to resolve these conflicts. Professional ethics needs to be complemented by a more communitarian view of private and public interests. Applications: Good practice should focus on achieving the best balance of personal privacy, the safety of vulnerable individuals and the protection of the wider public in the context of a view of society devoted to the realization of the communal good as much as to the defence of individual interests.