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In this two‐year ethnographic study, I critically examined the problematic nature of the construct French as a Second Language (FSL), drawing specifically from the lived experiences of Canadian youth of Italian origin, participating in a teacher education course to prepare teachers of French. Using discourse analysis of interviews, observa‐ tions, and focus groups, I found that participants' social identities and linguistic prac‐ tices were complex and varied. However, current FSL policies and practice do not reflect such diversity or multidimensionality. To conclude, I demonstrate the import‐ ance of making some "wiggle room" regarding the construction of French as a Second Language (FSL) to reflect a more pluralistic society. Key words: identity construction, Italian Canadian youth, ideologies, official language policies, teacher education, Ontario education Dans cet article, basé sur une étude ethnographique de deux ans, j'ai examiné la nature problématique du construit « français langue seconde (FLS) » en portant spécifiquement sur les expériences vécues de jeunes Italo‐canadiens durant leur formation pour devenir enseignants de français langue seconde dans le paysage multiculturel de Toronto. En fai‐ sant une analyse de discours des entrevues audio et vidéo semi‐dirigées, des réunions avec les groupes cibles, et des observations, j'ai découvert que les identités sociales ainsi que les pratiques langagières de ces jeunes étaient complexes et variées. La politique et les pra‐ tiques actuelles du français langue seconde, pourtant, ne reflètent pas une telle diversité ou la multidimensionalité des réalités sociales des jeunes. Pour conclure, je souligne l'importance de créer des « zones du confort » ou « Wiggle room » en ce qui concerne le construit « français langue seconde » afin qu'il corresponde plus à la société qui est mar‐ quée par le pluralisme. Mots clés: Construction identitaire, français langue seconde (FLS), jeunes italo‐canadiens, idéologies, politique officielle des langues, formation des maîtres, ...

Through an innovative and interdisciplinary approach that combines critical sociolinguistic ethnography, multi-modality, reflexivity, and discourse analysis, this groundbreaking book reveals the multiple (and sometimes simultaneous) ways in which individuals engage and invest in representations of languages and identities.This timely work is the first to consider the significance of multilingualism and its relationship to citizenship as well as the development of linguistic repertoires as an essential component of language education in a globalized world. While examining the discourses and in

Through an innovative and interdisciplinary approach that combines critical sociolinguistic ethnography, multi-modality, reflexivity, and discourse analysis, this groundbreaking book reveals the multiple (and sometimes simultaneous) ways in which individuals engage and invest in representations of languages and identities. This timely work is the first to consider the significance of multilingualism and its relationship to citizenship as well as the development of linguistic repertoires as an essential component of language education in a globalized world. While examining the discourses and in

In societies and systems of education where multilingualism is becoming the norm, this article explores the impact of language policies in relation to what it means to self-identify as a multilingual and multicultural Canadian through the voices of Italian Canadian youth who are completing a teacher training program in order to become teachers of French (French as a Second Language) in the multicultural, global and urban landscape of Toronto, Canada. This article is based on a two-year interdisciplinary, sociolinguistic ethnography. The data analysis draws upon poststructuralist theories related to the discursive construction of multiple and overlapping identities combined with a discourse analysis. The findings reveal how some of the participants' social and linguistic practices problematize social categories. They also highlight the multiple voices of the youth and their exercise of agency (i.e. the ability of a social agent to react in a way that is not predetermined in any given interaction). Their discourse likewise reveals the shifting positions of the youth as they manage, negotiate, and challenge discourses of language, power, and representation. These results allow us to rethink our conceptualizations of multilingualism while taking into account the complex dimensions that surround what it means to be and become multilingual, which could possibly lead to the creation of new social categorizations or spaces, without limits or boundaries. ; Dans les systèmes éducatifs dans lesquels le plurilinguisme est en voie de devenir la norme, cet article vise à mieux comprendre l'impact des politiques linguistiques sur la construction identitaire, en définissant ce quiconstitue l'identité d'un Canadien plurilingue à travers la voix de jeunes Italo-canadiens qui sont des étudiants inscrits à un programme de formation des maîtres à Toronto et qui se destinent à devenir professeurs de français langue seconde (FLS). L'article est basé sur une recherche ethnographique interdisciplinaire de deux ans. Les analyses proposéesici proviennent d'une ethnographie sociolinguistique et interdisciplinaire de deux ans qui repose sur des travaux post-structuralistes portant sur la construction discursive des identités multiples et imbriquées combinés avec l'analyse du discours. Nos données dévoilent comment les pratiquessociales et langagières de ces jeunes rendent les processus de catégorisation sociale plus difficiles. Elles soulignent également des voix et des positionnements multiples au moyen d'un va-et-vient constant, ainsi que la façon dont les participants manient leur agency, c'est-à-dire leur capacitéde réaction face à une interaction non prédéterminée. Or, leurs discours révèlent la manière dont ils adhèrent, et répondent aux discours de langue, de pouvoir et de représentation. Les résultats nous permettent de repensernos conceptualisations du plurilinguisme tout en prenant en compte les dimensions complexes qui ce que signifie être et devenir plurilingue et qui font émerger de nouvelles pratiques de catégorisation sociale davantage plurielles et mouvantes.

This article details the critical need for a policy of heterogeneity in Canada. Canada is changing, with a growing number of youth with multiple, overlapping and complex identities and linguistic repertoires. From this end, I argue that we can no longer look at language, identity,or community as separate, static or fixed categories and in this vein, we need official and public policies that support linguistic diversity and value heterogeneity. Drawing upon my ethnographic and sociolinguistic research which investigates multilingual youth training to become teachers of French as a Second Language (FSL) in Ontario, I demonstrate the importance of sociocultural research as regards multilingualism for language planning and policy, particularly when it comes to creating policies that reflect people's use of language(s) rather than simply seeing people as language users. In my fieldwork, I have found that the impact of multilingual practices tend to blur traditional boundaries related to languages, identities, cultures and education. This article contributes to language policy and planning as it aims to put forth new ways of conceptualizing multilingualism in relation to the development of theory, policies and professional practice in the fields of language education, teaching and public policy. ; Cet article décrit le besoin critique d'une politique d'hétérogénéité dans un Canada changeant, surtout avec le grand nombre de jeunes aux identities multiples et imbriquées et aux répertoires linguistiques complexes. Conséquemment, on ne peut plus considérer la langue, l'identité, ou la communauté comme des catégories séparées ou bien fixées. Nous avons donc besoin de politiques officielles et publiques qui soutiennent et reflètent cette diversité linguistique tout en valorisant cette hétérogénéité. Sur la base de nos recherches sur les jeunes plurilingues qui suivent un programme de formation de maîtres pour devenir professeurs de FLS (français langue seconde) en Ontario, nous démontrons l'importance des approches socioculturelles en ce qui concerne le plurilinguisme pour les domaines de la politique et l'aménagement des langues. en particulier pour la création de politiques qui reflètent les pratiques linguistiques des individus au lieu de les voir uniquement comme locuteurs de langues. Sur le terrain, nous avons trouvé que l'impact des pratiques plurilingues des gens tend à rendre floues les frontières traditionnelles entre les langues, les identités, les cultures, et l'éducation. Ce travail apporte une contribution à la politique et l'aménagement linguistiques en nous amenant à repenser nos conceptualisations du plurilinguisme, et au développement de la théorie, de la politique et de la pédagogie de l'enseignement et la didactique des langues et des politiques publiques.

Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Introduction -- Outline of the Book -- References -- 1 Urban Renewal, Sense of Community and Social Capital: A Case Study of Two Neighbourhoods in Hong Kong -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Urban Renewal Discourse Politics, Sense of Community, Social Capital and Well-being -- 1.3 Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Versus Revitalising Blue House in Wan-Chai: From Government-Led Place-Framing to Community-Led Place-Framing -- 1.3.1 Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project: Place-Framing Led by the Government? -- 1.3.2 The Revitalisation Project of the Blue House, Wan-Chai: Successful Place-Reframing by the Civil Society? -- 1.4 Renewal Results and Impacts on Sense of Community, Social Capital and Well-Being -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Keeping More Than Homes: A More Than Material Framework for Understanding and Intervening in Gentrifying Neighbourhoods -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Why Neighbourhoods Matter -- 2.1.2 The Need for Holistic Community Development -- 2.2 The Multiple Dimensions of Neighbourhoods -- 2.2.1 Material Injustices in Gentrifying Neighbourhoods -- 2.2.1.1 Housing Instability -- 2.2.1.2 Loss of Neighbourhood Resources -- 2.2.1.3 Health Disparities -- 2.2.2 Epistemic Injustices in Gentrifying Neighbourhoods -- 2.2.2.1 Dismissed Knowledge -- 2.2.2.2 Marginalized from Participation in Civic Life -- 2.2.2.3 Constrained Spatial Imaginaries -- 2.2.3 Affective Injustices in Gentrifying Neighbourhoods -- 2.2.3.1 Diminished Social Bonds and Sense of Belonging -- 2.2.3.2 Lost Sense of Place -- 2.2.4 The Hands, Head and Heart of Neighbourhoods -- 2.2.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Urban Regeneration in Glasgow: Looking to the Past to Build the Future? The Case of the 'New Gorbals' -- Abstract -- 3.1 Regeneration or Renewal?.

Economic restructuring and demographic change have in recent years placed much strain on urban areas with the effects falling disproportionately on neighbourhoods that were previously underpinned by industry and manufacturing. This has presented policy makers and city planners with a binary choice: to resist change and stagnate or to change and attempt to keep up with the pace of global demand. This edited book tells the story of how urban transformation impacts on people's lives and everyday interactions-to question where and to whom benefit accrues from these changes. Urban Transformations offers insight into both risk and reward as local communities and public authorities creatively address the challenge of building vital and sustainable urban environments. The authors in this edited collection argue that understanding the specifics of community, space and place is crucial to delivering insights into how, where, when, why and for whom urban areas might successfully transform. The chapters investigate urban change using a range of approaches, and case studies from the four corners of the globe - from the United States to Iran; from the United Kingdom to Canada. The varying scales at which governance or regeneration initiatives operate, the nature and composition of urban communities, and the local or global interests of different private sector actors all raise questions for urban policy and practice. It is important to not only consider the drivers of regeneration, but its beneficiaries need to be identified.

Host cities have increasingly sought to combine the staging of a multi-sports event with the regeneration of run-down areas. Like London 2012, Glasgow has sought to use the Commonwealth Games 2014 as a catalyst for the physical, social and economic renewal of its East End. This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of legacy for a host community which recognises the complexity of potential impacts, without assuming a trickle-down effect to the local area. This comprises a holistic approach to evaluation, encompassing consideration of plausibility, the specifics of people and place, and legacy programmes. Three requirements for sustained economic legacy impacts for the host community are identified: continued and extended partnership working at a strategic level; extending the scope and duration of legacy programmes beyond that required for the event itself; resolving inherent tensions between delivering legacy at different spatial scales, and ensuring the equitable treatment of disadvantaged areas.

Public bicycle and car sharing schemes have proliferated in recent years and are increasingly part of the urban transport landscape. Shared transport options have the potential to support social inclusion by improving accessibility: these initiatives could remove some of the barriers to car ownership or bicycle usage such as upfront costs, maintenance and storage. However, the existing evidence base indicates that, in reality, users are most likely to be white, male and middle
class. This paper argues that there is a need to consider the social inclusivity of sharing schemes and to develop appropriate evaluation frameworks accordingly. We therefore open by considering ways in which shared transport schemes might be inclusive or not, using a framework developed from accessibility planning. In the second part of the paper, we use the case study of Glasgow in Scotland to undertake a spatial equity analysis of such schemes. We examine how well they serve different population groups across the city, using the locations of bicycle stations and car club parking spaces in Glasgow, comparing and contrasting bike and car. An apparent failure to deliver benefits across the demographic spectrum
raises important questions about the socially inclusive nature of public investment in similar schemes. (author's abstract)

The transition from childhood to young adulthood is often associated with a range of challenges that can be overwhelming for a young person. For young people in out-of-home care, complex histories that may include traumatic personal experiences can make this transition even more problematic, both for the young person and their carers. This is the final paper in a series of four which has focussed on a range of challenging behaviours in children and young people in out-of-home care. This paper examines delinquency and its associated effects on young people and carers and outlines specific considerations for carers and other health professionals in responding appropriately to delinquent behaviours in young people.

Children and young people placed in out-of-home care often present with a range of complex and challenging behaviours that place significant stress on carers and other individuals involved in the placement process. The need for practical support, including the facilitation of knowledge sharing opportunities to better support carers and other health care professionals in assisting children and young people in out-of-home care, is of particular importance within the Australian context. This paper is the third in a series of four papers exploring a range of challenging behaviours that may be evidenced in children and young people placed in out-of-home care. The paper focuses on aggressive behaviours in children and adolescents and outlines a working framework to assist carers in responding appropriately to aggressive responses within the out-of-home care context.