Suchergebnisse

From the outside, it appears that the government of President Rafael Correa in Ecuador has put in place a legal and policy framework for a vía campesina model of rural development, inspired by food sovereignty and buen vivir. Recent studies have, however, concluded that a considerable disjuncture exists between this framework and the actual agricultural policies and programmes implemented by the government. In this paper, I provide a br

This paper offers a commentary on some of the recent work on globalisation in the context of the European city in the late 20th century. It points out that the current European urban hierarchy has a strong historical dimension. It notes the considerable degree of convergence in the urbanisation experience of late 20th century metropoles across Europe. The differential success of cities in dealing with decentralisation has been in part affected by politics and governance. In terms of future economic growth more stress needs to be put on tourism and the low service sector rather than the impact of global companies. Major contrasts are drawn between the relative success of Northern periphery cities like Helsinki and Dublin against the relative weakness of West European metropoles.

This study is designed to assess the impact of support for union & social interest groups on labor union members' voting. Descriptive & logit analyses of members' support for senatorial & gubernatorial candidates in the 1994 PA elections examine the relationship between support for the union & support for the Christian Coalition & National Rifle Association. The results indicate that union members who are more supportive of labor's political goals are more likely to support union-endorsed candidates. But union members differ considerably in their support for union political goals vis-a-vis the Christian Coalition & National Rifle Association. Unions were a potentially pivotal force in the 1994 PA elections. If they had been better able to educate their members about the importance of voting their economic self-interest, then the election outcomes might have been reversed. 3 Tables, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractDuring recent decades, the anaerobic digestion process has been extensively studied and various methods for process enhancement have been explored. These methods include heat treatment, alkali addition, phase separation and membrane enhancement. In general, whilst technically feasible, the methods have not proved to be economically competitive.The pretreatment of sludges with high‐power ultrasound has been investigated as part of a twelve‐month research project funded by six UK water utilities. Cell lysis and particle‐size reduction (caused by ultrasonic cavitation) are thought to be the key parameters through which the digestion process is enhanced. A series of laboratory‐scale anaerobic digesters has been operated and significant increases in biogas yield have been noted following ultrasonication. Experiments have been completed with a variety of ultrasonic devices (of different geometries and construction materials) and sludge types (e.g. primary, secondary and co‐settled). Current experiments are investigating methods through which the technology can be successfully scaled‐up and applied on a full‐scale plant.

ABSTRACT This paper describes the enhancement of biogas production in laboratory‐scale anaerobic digesters (with batch and semi‐continuous operation) using iron‐enriched duckweed as a supplement to the digestion of feedstock. The relationship between the level of enhancement achieved and the retention period of the digesters was also investigated. The trials demonstrated that, in batch digesters, iron‐enriched duckweed significantly improved the rate of microbial succession. Batch digesters receiving no duckweed took 40 days to reach peak methane production compared to 15 days when duckweed was added. In the semi‐continuous digesters, an increase in gas production of about 44% was observed.