Suchergebnisse

Esta investigación analiza la asociación entre la participación de mujeres en cargos de decisión política subnacional en un país andino de ingreso medio como el Perú y la asignación de recursos públicos destinados a educación y a salud a nivel subnacional. Para ello se hace uso de información proveniente de un extenso panel de datos de más 1600 municipalidades entre los años 2008 y 2014. Los resultados de las estimaciones de modelos econométricos dinámicos a partir del método de Arellano y Bond (2011) muestran que existe una asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre una mayor participación de mujeres como alcaldesas y regidoras municipales y una mayor proporción de gasto público de inversión tanto en educación como en la combinación de educación y salud, ambas dimensiones básicas del desarrollo humano. Asimismo, se encuentra que esta asociación tiende a ser más pronunciado en distritos con menor desarrollo económico. Esta investigación representa una contribución a la relativamente escasa literatura latinoamericana sobre la relación entre la participación de mujeres en la política subnacional y la priorización presupuestal de dimensiones básicas del desarrollo humano como la salud y la educación. Esto es particularmente relevante en la medida en que América Latina es una región con una participación promedio de mujeres en cargos de gobierno subnacional que no sobrepasa el 15%. ; This research analyses the association between women's political participation at the subnational level and public budget allocation to policies of education and health in Peru, a middle-income Andean country. This study uses a large panel dataset with information from more than 1600 Peruvian municipalities between 2008 and 2014. Results based on dynamic econometric model estimations using the method of Arellano and Bond (2011) show a positive and statistically significant association between higher women's political participation and higher proportions of public expenditure on policies of education and health, as well as on policies of 'human development' that combine these two abovementioned kinds of policies. Results also show that this association tends to be higher in districts with lower levels of economic development. This research contributes to the relatively scarce Latin-American literature on the relationship between women's political participation at the subnational level and budget allocation to policies related to basic dimensions of human development such as education and health. This is particularly relevant inasmuch Latin America is a region in which the average proportion of female local authorities is not higher than 15%.

The number of people in low- and middle-income countries who suffer from depression is increasing, and a significant proportion of people in these countries live in poverty. We estimated the effect of living in multidimensional poverty on experiencing symptoms associated with major depression using the 2018 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. We used an instrumental variables approach to overcome the potential endogeneity bias caused by the simultaneous relationship between multidimensional poverty and depression. We found that living in multidimensional poverty significantly increases depression symptom severity. This has urgent policy implications for low- and middle-income countries with limited provision of mental health services.

The first goal of this paper is to analyze recent socio-economic characteristics of old-age people in Peru, with emphasis on poverty and social exclusion. For this, we use the National Household survey (ENAHO) of year 2011 and find that the majority of the extreme poor elderly are living in the rural area. Furthermore, only 1% of the elderly living in extreme poverty receives a pension benefit and a vast majority of them live in one or two-person households, which intensify their vulnerability. The second goal is to review the most important social and economic policies towards old-age in Peru. And finally, we review the literature and policies for the elderly implemented in other countries with the aim to describe their most relevant impacts. Overall, our document might be a useful input to think and propose new policies towards old-age people in Peru based on evidences.

Abstract: This article analyses the design process of official multidimensional poverty measures in Colombia, Chile, El Salvador and Mexico, and discusses the extent to which such processes have been able to reflect the priorities of people living in poverty. We argue that although these countries have faced limitations in conducting a "pure participatory-driven" strategy, they have advanced towards measuring poverty in a way that better reflects what disadvantaged people consider to be an impoverished life. We propose guidelines to continue improving the design of official multidimensional poverty measures and make them more open to information on what people value and more sensitive to public reasoning. ; Resumen: Este artículo analiza los procesos de diseño de medidas oficiales de pobreza multidimensional en Colombia, Chile, El Salvador y México, y discute en qué medida dichos procesos han sido capaces de reflejar las prioridades de las personas en situación de pobreza. Sostenemos que, si bien dichos países han enfrentado limitaciones para implementar "estrategias participativas puras", han progresado hacia una medición de pobreza que refleja mejor lo que las personas en situación de desventaja consideran una vida empobrecida. Además, proponemos elementos para mejorar el diseño de dichas medidas y hacerlas más abiertas a lo que las personas valoran y más sensibles al razonamiento público.