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Distinctive emphases of soc'ization theory & res in anthrop, psychol & sociol are briefly noted. The nature of goals being pursued in soc'ization affords an initial basis for examining recent work, with attention directed to pol'al soc'ization & the related topic of soc'ization requirements for modernization in developing nations; cognitive development & the related area of sociolinguistics; moral behavior & the related topic of soc deviance. Res relating to diff agents or agencies of soc'ization is considered, the fam & the Sch. The first somewhat systematic formulations of knowledge relating to adult soci'ization are noted, along with a substantial body of recent empirical res. It appears that personality change during the adult yrs is much more substantial than had been assumed; both contextual effects & persons motivated to modify the behavior of others operate as soc'ization influences throughout life. Several recent efforts to codify soc'ization theory & res are briefly described & broad trends noted. AA.

Recognition of the influence of social and cultural factors in disease goes back to antiquity, though specification of the ways in which this influence is exerted still lacks pre cision. The effects of the social order on health and disease are many and varied. Social definitions determine the actions which persons and societies take in the face of given symptoms and disorders. Social practices may exert their effects di rectly on the organism and its physical capacities or may operate primarily through psychological processes which are linked to the maintenance of bodily equilibriums. In either instance, these effects tend to be nonspecific as to disease. Social status, variations in life styles, adaptation to new or stressful situations, work group structure, and family patterns have been found to be associated with differences in the in cidence of a variety of diseases. The intricacies of dealing with social factors in disease and the ramifications for the larger society are plainly seen in the case of smoking.

Recognition of the influence of soc & cultural factors in disease goes back to antiquity, though specification of the ways in which this influence is exerted still lacks precision. The effects of the soc order on health & disease are many & varied. Soc definitions determine the actions which persons & societies take in the face of given symptoms 9L disorders. Soc practices may exert their effects directly on the organism & its physical capacities or may operate priniarily through psychol'al processes which are linked to the maintenance of bodily equilibriums. In either instance, these effects tend to be nonspecific as to disease. SS, variations in life styles, adaptation to new or stressful situations work group structure, & fam patterns have been found to be associated with diff's in the incidence of a variety of diseases. The intricacies of dealing with soc factors in disease & the ramifications for the larger society are plainly seen in the case of smoking. AA.

Throughout the United States and elsewhere in the Western world since World War II, there has been a grow ing interest in medicine. As early as the 1930's, popular accounts of scientific developments began to interest lay readers in medical care and innovation. The significant involvement of social and behavioral scientists in medical education and research began a decade ago and has increased rapidly. It has become apparent that the understanding of health and disease requires a holistic frame of reference in which the psychological, social, and cultural aspects of human behavior are appropriately related to the biological nature of man and the physical environ ment in which he lives. Emphasis upon the holistic approach to medical science and upon comprehensive health care has moved medicine to seek the services of social scientists, notably in connection with public health, preventive medicine, and psychiatry. And, as conceptualization and methodology in the social sciences have matured, social scientists have increasingly tended to interest themselves in applied fields and have come to grasp the significance of health and medicine as a major focus of organized human behavior. Thus, medical science, social science, and popular interest merge to formulate con temporary approaches and norms in health care.—Ed.

Throughout the US & elsewhere in the Western world since WWII, there has been a growing interest in medicine. As early as the 1930's, popular accounts of sci'fic development began to interest lay readers in Med care & innovation. The signif involvement of soc & behavioral sci'ts in Med educ & res began a decade ago & has increased rapidly. It has become apparent that the understanding of health & disease requires a holistic frame of reference in which the psychol'al, soc, & cultural aspects of HB are appropriately related to the biological nature of man & the physical environment in which he lives. Emphasis upon the holistic approach to Med sci & upon comprehensive health care has moved medicine to seek the services of soc sci'ts, notably in connection with public health, preventive medicine, & psychiatry. As conceptualization & methodology in the soc sci's have matured, soc sci'ts have increasingly tended to interest themselves in applied fields & have come to grasp the significance of health & medicine as a major focus of organized HB. Med sci, soc sci, & popular interest merge to formulate contemporary approaches & norms in health care. AA.