Suchergebnisse

Surveyforskningen står overfor en række udfordringer i form af eksempelvis faldende svarprocenter og øget skævhed i data. Dette har medført en stigende afprøvning af nye indsamlingsformer, hvor særligt de web-baserede surveys har vundet frem. I den videnskabelige litteratur er der dog en vis skepsis overfor dataindsamling online, da der argumenteres for, at kvaliteten af datamaterialet forringes, primært fordi respondenten på nettet ikke gør sig samme kognitive indsats for at besvare spørgsmålene, og derfor er mere tilbøjelig til "satisficing", end hvis de havde besvaret skemaet eksempelvis i et telefoninterview.Denne artikel stiller imidlertid spørgsmålstegn ved, om eventuelle forskelle i datakvalitet på baggrund af indsamlingsmetode kan tilskrives brugen af nettet per se, da andre faktorer, som eksempelvis tilstedeværelsen af en interviewer i processen, ligeledes menes at kunne influere på de svar, som respondenterne giver. Vi har derfor foretaget et lille eksperimentelt studie, hvor eneste varierende faktor mellem to tilfældigt udvalgte grupper af studerende er brugen af indsamlingsmetoden. Resultaterne viser, at der ikke kan genfindes den såkaldte "web mode effekt", idet intet tyder på, at de respondenter, der har udfyldt den online udgave af spørgeskemaet, har større tendens til "satisficing" end de respondenter, der har udfyldt skemaet i papirform.

AbstractCountless evaluations of active labour market policy (ALMP) have been conducted in the last decade. The common denominator for most of these evaluations is a focus on employment (self‐sufficiency) as the dependent variable, where the success of ALMP is measured in terms of the number of unemployed finding ordinary employment after (or immediately before) participating in an activation programme. The main argument in this article is that this focus is inadequate. For many long‐term unemployed people, it would be an understatement to describe the road to employment as merely 'bumpy'. Research must take this into consideration. This article therefore deals with the Danish activation policy from a new perspective by analyzing the impact on different aspects of social marginalization, focusing on long‐term social assistance recipients. Using data from a comprehensive, representative quantitative survey of Danish unemployed conducted in 2007, the first analysis convincingly reveals that we fail to find any systematic correlation between participation in ALMP and any of the social marginalization indicators. The second analysis presents a more mixed picture of the participant's own assessment of the impact of ALMP on their self‐esteem; some are quite positive, while others are more neutral or even rather negative. Taking the existing research into account, these results leave us with conceptual and methodological questions for further research.

Abstract
In the context of the current "replication crisis" across the sciences, failures to reproduce a finding are often viewed as discrediting it. This paper shows how such a conclusion can be incorrect. In 1981, Schuman and Presser showed that including the word "freedom" in a survey question significantly increased approval of allowing a speech against religion in the USA. New experiments in probability sample surveys (n = 23,370) in the USA and 10 other countries showed that the wording effect replicated in the USA and appeared in four other countries (Canada, Germany, Taiwan, and the Netherlands) but not in the remaining countries. The effect appeared only in countries in which the value of freedom is especially salient and endorsed. Thus, public support for a proposition was enhanced by portraying it as embodying a salient principle of a nation's culture. Instead of questioning initial findings, inconsistent results across countries signal limits on generalizability and identify an important moderator.

Questionnaire design is routinely guided by classic experiments on question form, wording, and context conducted decades ago. This article explores whether two question order effects (one due to the norm of evenhandedness and the other due to subtraction or perceptual contrast) appear in surveys of probability samples in the United States and 11 other countries (Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom; N = 25,640). Advancing theory of question order effects, we propose necessary conditions for each effect to occur, and found that the effects occurred in the nations where these necessary conditions were met. Surprisingly, the abortion question order effect even appeared in some countries in which the necessary condition was not met, suggesting that the question order effect there (and perhaps elsewhere) was not due to subtraction or perceptual contrast. The question order effects were not moderated by education. The strength of the effect due to the norm of evenhandedness was correlated with various cultural characteristics of the nations. Strong support was observed for the form-resistant correlation hypothesis.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein) ; Questionnaire design is routinely guided by classic experiments on question form, wording, and context conducted decades ago. This article explores whether two question order effects (one due to the norm of evenhandedness and the other due to subtraction or perceptual contrast) appear in surveys of probability samples in the United States and 11 other countries (Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom; N = 25,640). Advancing theory of question order effects, we propose necessary conditions for each effect to occur, and found that the effects occurred in the nations where these necessary conditions were met. Surprisingly, the abortion question order effect even appeared in some countries in which the necessary condition was not met, suggesting that the question order effect there (and perhaps elsewhere) was not due to subtraction or perceptual contrast. The question order effects were not moderated by education. The strength of the effect due to the norm of evenhandedness was correlated with various cultural characteristics of the nations. Strong support was observed for the form-resistant correlation hypothesis. ; This article uses data from the German Internet Panel waves 8 (doi:10.4232/1.12614) and 9 (doi:10.4232/1.12615). A study description can be found in . The German Internet Panel is the central data collection (project Z1) of Collaborative Research Center 884 "Political Economy of Reforms" (SFB 884) at the University of Mannheim and is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) Panel data were collected by CentERdata (Tilburg University, the Netherlands) through its Measurement and Experimentation in the Social Sciences (MESS) project funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (grant number 176.010.2005.017). This article uses data from the GESIS Panel (doi:10.4232/1.12658). The development of the GESIS Panel was funded the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and is now a permanent data collection facility operated by GESIS. The SSRI Online Panel data were collected by the Social Science Research Institute, University of Iceland. The panel is funded by the institute. The Understanding Society Innovation Panel is funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and various Government Departments, with scientific leadership by the Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, and survey delivery by NatCen Social Research and Kantar Public. The research data are distributed by the UK Data Service: Understanding Society: Innovation Panel, Waves 1–8, 2008–2015 [data collection]. 7th Edition. UK Data Service. SN: 6849. The data in Sweden were collected by the Laboratory of Opinion Research at the University of Gothenburg through its Swedish Citizen Panel. This data collection is described in Martinsson et al. (2014). The Danish data are funded by The Danish Council for Independent Research. The Norwegian Citizen Panel/DIGSSCORE is funded by the University of Bergen, Uni Research, and the Bergen Research Foundation (grant no. 01234). The data of Taiwan were collected under the funding of Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica. The Japan survey was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (1-1406) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The data collection for Portugal has benefited from funding of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), grant number PTDC/IVC-CPO/3921/2012. TESS (Time-Sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences) is funded by the National Science Foundation (SES-1628057). ; Peer Reviewed

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu Umwelt, Klimawandel und Umweltschutz.

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu Umwelt, Klimawandel und Umweltschutz.