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Paul Clements champions the creative underground and expressions of difference through visionary avant-garde and resistant ideas. This is represented by an admixture of utopian literature, manifestos and lifestyles which challenge normality and attempt to reinvent society, as practiced for example, by radicals in bohemian enclaves or youth subcultures. He showcases a range of 'art' and participatory cultural practices that are examined sociopolitically and historically, employing key theoretical ideas which highlight their contribution to aesthetic thinking, political ideology, and public discourse. A reevaluation of the arts and progressive modernism can reinvigorate culture through active leisure and post-work possibilities beyond materialism and its constraints, thereby presenting alternatives to established understandings and everyday cultural processes. The book teases out the difficult relationship between the individual, culture and society especially in relation to autonomy and marginality, while arguing that the creative underground is crucial for a better world, as it offers enchantment, vitality and hope.

Highgate Cemetery is nominally presented as a heterotopia, constructed, and theorized through the articulation of three "spaces." First, it is configured as a public space which organizes the individual and the social, where the management of death creates a relationship between external space and its internal conceptualization. This reveals, enables, and disturbs the sociocultural and political imagination which helps order and disrupt thinking. Second, it is conceived as a creative space where cemetery texts emplace and materialize memory that mirrors the cultural capital of those interred, part of an urban aesthetic which articulates the distinction of the metropolitan elite. Last, it is a celebritized counterpublic space that expresses dissent, testimony to those who have actively imagined a better world, which is epitomized by the Marx Memorial. Representation of the cemetery is ambiguous as it is recuperated and framed by the living with the three different "spaces" offering heterotopic alliances.

I would like to argue that the tasks undertaken by the large multilateral and bilateral donor agencies require a particularly high analytic standard, but several incentives that influence development practice—political incentives for donor and recipient governments, organizational incentives for development agencies, and personal incentives for managers—have led to positive bias and analytic compromise.
The central challenge in the management of development assistance is to maintain this kind of consciousness—this analytic perspective—among the corps of professional staff. Some might like to think that development can be achieved by getting governments to liberalize markets or by getting local participation in project management, and these may well be important tactics. Intuition suggests and experience teaches, however, that there can be no formula for successful development. Each investment presents a unique design and management challenge. There are two problems in maintaining the will and the capacity toaddress this challenge: an incentive problem and one we can call intellectual or cognitive. The key to solving both problems, or so I will argue, is strong evaluation.

This article presents an analysis of the plight of Bihar, India's poorest state, based on Rawlsian microfoundations as contrasted with those underlying neoclassical economics & rational choice theory. While these two disciplines conceive of the individual as a rationally self-interested utility-maximizing agent, Rawls credits the individual with a reasonable as well as a rational capacity. A Rawlsian analysis, therefore, identifies & explains the principles upon which political action in Bjhar has been based. Rather than focus on the failure to establish conditions for competitive markets or the maximizing strategies of political actors, this article identifies conflicts between democratic principles of equality & hierarchical principles of caste as central causes for Bihar's stark conditions. 47 References. Adapted from the source document.