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Suggests that technical assistance aid to relieve skill shortages exacerbates the migration of skilled labour to South Africa, where wages and the standard of living are much higher, because of the nature of current aid agency practice. (JMM)

Metadata only record ; This article gives a brief overview of migrant labor trends between Lesotho and South Africa since 1970 and assesses the factors contributing to these trends. The second section looks to the future with an analysis of several scenarios that could develop in South Africa and how each would affect demand for migrant labor from Lesotho. The authors then evaluate the likely impacts of these various scenarios on Lesotho's domestic economy and offer a discussion of policy initiatives the Lesotho government may pursue in response to the projected scenarios.

A number of governmental and non-governmental organisations have made significant efforts to encourage the development of artificial intelligence in line with a series of aspirational concepts such as transparency, interpretability, explainability and accountability. The difficulty at present, however, is that these concepts exist at a fairly abstract level, whereas in order for them to have the tangible effects desired they need to become more concrete and specific. This paper undertakes precisely this process of concretisation, mapping how the different concepts interrelate and what in particular they each require in order to move from being high-level aspirations to detailed and enforceable requirements. We argue that the key concept in this process is accountability, since unless an entity can be held accountable for compliance with the other concepts, and indeed more generally, those concepts cannot do the work required of them. There is a variety of taxonomies of accountability in the literature. However, at the core of each account appears to be a sense of 'answerability'; a need to explain or to give an account. It is this ability to call an entity to account which provides the impetus for each of the other concepts and helps us to understand what they must each require.