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This multi-author text provides in-depth analyses of space ethics and approaches to governance on territories beyond Earth. With insights from a vast background of academic subjects including science, law, philosophy, psychology, and politics it presents a holistic take on the expression of space freedoms and what it might mean for humankind.

Charles S. Cockell argues that beyond Earth, space is especially tyranny-prone. Yet rather than consign humanity to a dim future of extraterrestrial despotisms, he suggests that the construction of free societies is possible using uniquely blended and reformulated classical liberal ideas for the space frontier.

This multi-author text provides in-depth analyses of space ethics and approaches to governance on territories beyond Earth. With insights from a vast background of academic subjects including science, law, philosophy, psychology, and politics it presents a holistic take on the expression of space freedoms and what it might mean for humankind.

Preface -- References -- Contents -- 1 Introduction: Dissent, Revolution and Liberty Beyond Earth -- Abstract -- 1.1 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Constrained Dissent and the Rights of Future Generations -- Abstract -- 2.1 Picturing a Space Community -- 2.2 The Problem of Competing Goods -- 2.3 A Closer Look at the Commitments -- 2.4 Dissent and Political Structure -- References -- 3 Disobedience in Outer Space -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Disobedience: The Environmental Context -- 3.3 The Problem of Violent Disobedience -- 3.4 Means to Mitigate the Threat of Violent Disobedience

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1: Astrobiology and Life -- 1.1 About this Textbook -- 1.2 Astrobiology and Life -- 1.3 What is Astrobiology? -- 1.4 History of Astrobiology -- 1.5 What is Life? -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Books -- Papers -- Chapter 2: Matter, the Stuff of Life -- 2.1 Matter and Life -- 2.2 We are Made of 'Ordinary' Matter -- 2.3 Matter: Its Nucleus -- 2.4 Electrons, Atoms and Ions -- 2.5 Types of Bonding in Matter -- 2.6 Ionic Bonding -- 2.7 Covalent Bonding -- 2.8 Metallic Bonding -- 2.9 van der Waals' Interactions -- 2.10 Hydrogen Bonding -- 2.11 The Equation of State Describes the Relationship between Different Types of Matter -- 2.12 Phase Diagrams -- 2.13 Other States of Matter -- 2.14 The Interaction between Matter and Light -- 2.15 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Books -- Papers -- Chapter 3: Life's Structure: Building the Molecules -- 3.1 Building Life -- 3.2 The Essential Elements: CHNOPS -- 3.3 Carbon is Versatile -- 3.4 The Chains of Life -- 3.5 Proteins -- 3.6 Chirality -- 3.7 Carbohydrates (Sugars) -- 3.8 Lipids -- 3.9 The Nucleic Acids -- 3.10 The Solvent of Life -- 3.11 Alternative Chemistries -- 3.12 The Structure of Life and Habitability -- 3.13 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Books -- Papers -- Chapter 4: Life's Structure: Building Cells from Molecules -- 4.1 From Molecules to Cells -- 4.2 Types of Cells -- 4.3 Shapes of Cells -- 4.4 The Structure of Cells -- 4.5 Membranes -- 4.6 The Information Storage System of Life -- 4.7 Cell Reproduction -- 4.8 The Growth of Life -- 4.9 Moving and Communicating -- 4.10 Eukaryotic Cells -- 4.11 Viruses -- 4.12 Prions -- 4.13 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- Books -- Papers -- Chapter 5: Energy for Life -- 5.1 Energy and Astrobiology -- 5.2 Life and Energy.

The purpose of this book is to initiate a new discussion on liberty focusing on the infinite realms of space. The discussion of the nature of liberty and what it means for a human to be free has occupied the minds of thinkers since the Enlightenment. However, without exception, every one of these discussions has focused on the character of liberty on the Earth. The emergence of human space exploration programs in the last 40-50 years raise a fundamental and new question: what will be the future of liberty in space? This book takes the discussion of liberty into the extraterrestrial environmen

Much has been written about the effects of increased UV radiation caused by stratospheric ozone depletion on the weather, but there has been a dearth of publications on the role of UV on ecosystems as a whole. Now that much more is known about the effects of UV radiation at the organism level, we are gaining an understanding of how this impacts on specific ecosystems. From microbial to plant ecosystems, the book examines how changes in UV radiation, caused by anthropogenic ozone depletion, as well as changes in radiation levels throughout the evolution of life on Earth, can alter species composition and interspecies competitiveness. Two foci of the book are the evolutionary aspects of the effects of UV and also the various synergistic interactions of UV radiation with other environmental factors. Because our knowledge of UV effects on whole ecosystems is still at a relatively early stage, an important part of each chapter is an overview of future research directions and indications of where new data and knowledge are needed

Autonomous exploration requires the use of movable platforms that carry a payload of instruments with a certain level of autonomy and communication with the operators. This is particularly challenging in subsurface environments, which may be more dangerous for human access and where communication with the surface is limited. Subsurface robotic exploration, which has been to date very limited, is interesting not only for science but also for cost-effective industrial exploitation of resources and safety assessments in mines. Furthermore, it has a direct application to exploration of extra-terrestrial subsurface environments of astrobiological and geological significance such as caves, lava tubes, impact or volcanic craters and subglacial conduits, for deriving in-situ mineralogical resources and establishing preliminary settlements. However, the technological solutions are generally tailor-made and are therefore considered as costly, fragile and environment-specific, further hindering their extensive and effective applications. To demonstrate the advantages of rover exploration for a broad-community, we have developed KORE (KOmpact Rover for Exploration); a low-cost, re-usable, rover multi-purpose platform. The rover platform has been developed as a technological demonstration for extra-terrestrial subsurface exploration and terrestrial mining operations pertaining to geomorphological mapping, environmental monitoring, gas leak detections and search and rescue operations in case of an accident. The present paper, the first part of a series of two, focuses on describing the development of a robust rover platform to perform dedicated geomorphological, astrobiological and mining tasks. KORE was further tested in the Mine Analogue Research 6 (MINAR6) campaign during September 2018 in the Boulby mine (UK), the second deepest potash mine in Europe at a subsurface depth of 1.1 km, the results of which will be presented in the second paper of this series. KORE is a large, semi-autonomous rover weighing 160 kg with L × W × H dimensions 1.2 m × 0.8 m × 1 m and a payload carrying capacity of 100 kg using 800 W traction power that can power to a maximum speed of 8.4 km h. The rover can be easily dismantled in three parts facilitating its transportation to any chosen site of exploration. Presently, the main scientific payloads on KORE are: (1) a three-dimensional mapping camera, (2) a methane detection system, (3) an environmental station capable of monitoring temperature, relative humidity, pressure and gases such as NO, SO, HS, formaldehyde, CO, CO, O, O, volatile organic compounds and particulates and (4) a robotic arm. Moreover, the design of the rover allows for integration of more sensors as per the scientific requirements in future expeditions. At the MINAR6 campaign, the technical readiness of KORE was demonstrated during 6 days of scientific research in the mine, with a total of 22 h of operation. ; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)