Suchergebnisse

Creating legislative precedents : Revolutionary War pensions -- An experiment with government trust funds : Navy pensions -- The first great entitlement : Civil War pensions -- Repeating past mistakes : World War I veterans benefits -- Retrenchment : Roosevelt and the veterans -- The birth of the modern entitlement state -- The consequences of social security surpluses -- A new kind of entitlement : the G.I. Bill -- Setting the post-war entitlement agenda : 1946/1950 -- 1951/1964 : establishing social insurance dominance -- The beginning of the great turn in welfare policy : 1951/1964 -- The first Great Society -- A legal right to welfare -- The second Great Society -- First inklings of fiscal limits : 1975/1980 -- A temporary slowdown : 1981/1989 -- Recognition and denial : 1989/2014 -- A challenge unlike any in U.S. history

"In this paper, we estimate the effect of the tax preference for insurance on health spending based on the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys from 1996-2005. We use the fact that Social Security taxes are only levied on earnings below a statutory threshold to identify the tax preference's impact. Because employer-sponsored health insurance premiums are excluded from Social Security payroll taxes, workers who earn just below the Social Security tax threshold receive a larger tax preference for health insurance than workers who earn just above it. We find a significant effect of the tax preference, consistent with previous research"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

This collection of original essays brings econometric theory to bear on the problem of estimating the labor force participation of women. Five scholars here examine, both theoretically and empirically, the determinants of women's wages in the market, the value of their home time, and the factors that affect their employment. Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Front Cover -- Book Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Challenge: Obtaining High-Quality, Affordable Health Care -- The Good: Innovation -- The Bad: High Costs and a Large Uninsured Population -- High Costs: No Easy Answer -- The Uninsured Population: Many Causes, Uncertain Consequences -- The Ugly: Backlash against Markets and the Misguided Policy Response -- The Backlash against Markets -- The Misguided Policy Response -- Chapter 2. Five Policy Reforms to Make Markets Work -- Increase Individual Involvement in Health Care Decisions -- In Private Markets, Reform Taxation of Health Spending -- Increase Cost Sharing in Government Programs -- Deregulate Insurance Markets and Redesign Medicare and Medicaid -- Deregulate Insurance Markets -- Redesign Medicare and Medicaid -- Expand Provision of Health Information -- Control Anticompetitive Behavior -- Reform the Malpractice System -- Study the Tax Preference for Nonprofits -- Chapter 3. Impacts of Proposals on Health Care Spending, the Uninsured, the Federal Budget, and the Distribution of Tax Burdens -- Effects of Reforms on Health Care Spending -- Tax Deductibility -- Tax Credit -- Insurance-Market Reform -- Malpractice Reform -- Summary and Discussion -- Effects of Reforms on the Number of Uninsured -- Tax Deductibility -- Tax Credit -- Insurance-Market and Malpractice Reforms -- Summary and Discussion -- Effects of Reforms on the Federal Budget -- Tax Deductibility -- Tax Credit -- Insurance-Market and Malpractice Reforms -- Subsidy for the Chronically Ill -- Summary and Discussion -- Distributional Impact -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. Estimating the Impact of Policy Reforms on Health Care Spending -- Appendix B. Estimating the Impact of Policy Reforms on Uninsurance.

Does a typical House member need to worry about the electoral ramifications of his roll-call decisions? We investigate the relationship between incumbents' electoral performance and roll-call support for their party—controlling for district ideology, challenger quality, and campaign spending, among other factors—through a series of tests of the 1956–1996 elections. The tests produce three key findings indicating that members are indeed accountable for their legislative voting. First, in each election, an incumbent receives a lower vote share the more he supports his party. Second, this effect is comparable in size to that of other widely recognized electoral determinants. Third, a member's probability of retaining office decreases as he offers increased support for his party, and this relationship holds for not only marginal, but also safe members.