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"The strength and prestige of the American presidency has waxed and waned since George Washington. Accidental Presidents looks at eight men who came to the office without being elected to it. It demonstrates how the character of the man in that powerful seat affects the nation and world. Eight men have succeeded to the presidency when the incumbent died in office. In one way or another they vastly changed our history. Only Theodore Roosevelt would have been elected in his own right. Only TR, Truman, and LBJ were re-elected. John Tyler succeeded William Henry Harrison who died 30 days into his term. He was kicked out of his party and became the first president threatened with impeachment. Millard Fillmore succeeded esteemed General Zachary Taylor. He immediately sacked the entire cabinet and delayed an inevitable Civil War by standing with Henry Clay's compromise of 1850. Chester Arthur, the embodiment of the spoils system, was so reviled as James Garfield's successor that he had to defend himself against plotting Garfield's assassination; but he reformed the civil service. Andrew Johnson, who succeeded our greatest president, sided with remnants of the Confederacy in Reconstruction. Theodore Roosevelt broke up the trusts. Calvin Coolidge silently cooled down the Harding scandals and preserved the White House for the Republican Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression. Truman surprised everybody when he succeeded the great FDR and proved an able and accomplished president. Lyndon B. Johnson was named to deliver Texas electorally. He led the nation forward on Civil Rights but failed on Vietnam. Accidental Presidents adds immeasurably to our understanding of the power and limits of the American presidency in critical times"--

Missed opportunities -- The "Somalia hangover" : peacekeeping reformed -- The "dangerous spring of 1994" -- Getting out -- A bureaucratic nightmare -- Is it genocide? -- Too little, too late -- Wrong actions : what the U.S. should have done

Asserts that confronting violent & radical Muslim extremism requires breaking the connection between such movements & potential new recruits. At issue is ensuring that US public diplomacy targets the likeliest recruits, ie, disaffected youth & those who influence them. It is argued that winning hearts & minds, an idealistic goal, should not distract from the more immediate & realistic goal of distracting vulnerable population segments from the extremist recruitment process. This can be achieved, it is asserted, by providing locally driven & disseminated alternatives. Challenges include the fact that the US is late to arrive in a field well-represented by al Qaeda & other groups; however, digital technology, particularly the Internet, is seen to offer the US an opportunity to reach at-risk youth. It is contended US citizens must play a role in engaging with other populations, while credible local entities & individuals must be a key part in challenging extremism. How the US government can partner with the private sector to reach at-risk populations is explained. In closing, some thoughts are offered on how to proceed with initiatives & on seeing radicalization as more than simply an Islamist phenomenon. D. Edelman

In a country of 68 million people, the youth in Iran constitute close to 70 percent of the population. In the absence of a strong opposition, young Iranians are now the de facto opposition in the Islamic Republic. The emergence of new youth networks of communications has allowed young Iranians to circumvent the rules & regulations of the regime by expressing themselves & communicating above the grid through digital, audio, & visual media. This has changed the way they think & created new opportunities to work with the youth of Iran to bring about democracy on their terms. Adapted from the source document.

Les nouvelles technologies – en particulier dans le cyberespace – ont un fort impact sur les relations internationales et la conflictualité. Les acteurs malveillants – que ce soit des États ou des acteurs non étatiques – développent des opérations d'influence sophistiquées. Ils tendent à coordonner de plus en plus finement leurs actions physiques et cyber. Les stratégies de sécurité des États occidentaux doivent évoluer en conséquence et cesser de fonctionner en silo.

Made in the USA. This phrase, stamped on the bottom of many domestic items, is becoming increasingly difficult to find abroad. The United States government, of course, regulates almost every good manufactured in America. The obvious federal regulations encompass topics such as, but not limited to, consumer safety, durability, and warranty. However, perhaps the most important of these regulations are those aimed at national security. Federal regulations concerning national security is the junction at which export controls come into play. The central goal of export controls in the United States, and globally, is to promote security. The main issue this raises for businesses–especially smaller manufacturing businesses–is that, in the process of compliance with national security protocols, business productivity may be adversely affected

In 2013, NPQ editor Nathan Gardels spoke with Google's executive chairman ERIC SCHMIDT, and the director of the Google Ideas think tank, JARED COHEN, about their new book, The Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People, Nations and Business.

Civilizations are mortal. Some rise to meet their challenges, others collapse and disappear into history. Why do some posses the capacity to change, and others not?Jared Diamond warns that the Anthropocentric Age, in which the human species for the first time is the dominant influence on the planet, could end up like the extinct Maya, terminating our civilization's accomplishments if we don't squarely face our ecological challenges.Bruce Mau, like Alvin Toffler, sees hope in the "distributed power" enabled by new technologies. Jared Cohen and Eric Schmidt examine the paradoxes of the digital age which has transformed how we live our lives in every respect.