Nuclear Ambitions and Issues in the Middle East
In: Politics and Economics of the Middle East
Intro -- NUCLEAR AMBITIONS AND ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST -- NUCLEAR AMBITIONS AND ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 IRAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM: TEHRAN'S COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS -- Summary -- Introduction -- Background -- Iran and the IAEA -- Potential Noncompliance since September 2005 -- Iran and the U.N. Security Council -- Authority for IAEA and U.N. Security Council Actions -- IAEA Statute -- U.N. Charter and the Security Council -- Has Iran Violated the NPT?27 -- Appendix A. Iranian Noncompliance with Its IAEA Safeguards Agreement -- Appendix B. Extended Remarks by William Foster Regarding Possible NPT Article II Violations -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 IRAN SANCTIONS -- Summary -- Overview -- The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) -- Key Provisions/"Triggers" and Available Sanctions -- Waiver and Termination Authority -- Iran Freedom Support Act Amendments -- Effectiveness and Ongoing Challenges -- Energy Routes and Refinery Investment -- Refinery Construction -- Significant Purchase Agreements -- Efforts in the 110th Congress to Expand ISA Application -- Legislation in the 111th Congress: Targeting Gasoline Sales -- Likely Effects of the Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act -- Relationships to Other U.S. Sanctions -- Ban on U.S. Trade and Investment with Iran -- Application to Foreign Subsidiaries of U.S. Firms -- Treasury Department "Targeted Financial Measures" -- Terrorism-Related Sanctions -- Executive Order 13224 -- Proliferation-Related Sanctions -- Relations to International Sanctions -- Efforts to Promote Divestment and Internet Freedom -- Efforts to Prevent Internet Monitoring by Iran -- Blocked Iranian Property and Assets -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR WEAPONS: PROLIFERATION AND SECURITY ISSUES -- Summary -- Background -- Nuclear Weapons -- Responding to India? -- Delivery Vehicles.