Suchergebnisse

"The field of Development Economics (DE) has overstretched over time with risks of becoming shallow and vague, calling for a need for compartmentalization that allows for simplification, oversight, control, productivity and effective use. This volume is a handbook in development economics with a compartmentalized perspective. It makes use of case study applications, both recent and over the last few decades . The book identifies and works its way out along six development regions, organised into 20 chapters spread across five parts. The first part, consisting of two chapters, displays structural/system changes in the development regions, examines institutions that discourage/promote/development, and applies institutional modelling to related case studies of land reform in India and Chile. The second part, consisting of two chapters, takes the courageous step of discussing, posting and measuring the development goals in a combined index of the primary goals of growth with redistribution, and analysing the trade-offs for major countries in the six development regions. Secondary goals relating to employment and wellbeing are important but they correlate with the primary goals, and are put aside and considered as conditional. The third part, consisting of eight chapters, contains applications at the multi sector developmental and policies level, and touches on the Social Accounting Matrix and related economy wide modelling, allowing for the highlighting of alternative policies to achieve the development goals of growth and redistribution in Pakistan, Indonesia, Korea, UAE, Nepal, Sudan, Suriname and other countries. The fourth part, consisting of six chapters, examines human resource development and policies in the areas of labor market information systems, labor market adjustments, manpower forecasts, earnings profiles, educational plans, and intergenerational mobility, with case studies relate to Pakistan, Indonesia, Colombia, Korea, Ethiopia. The fifth and final part, consisting of two chapters, focuses on world development and global governance; in particular the increasing dominance of the development regions in the world economy, the consequences for world governance, the evaluation of the G-20, and a proposed more representative G-16."

"This title was first published in 2002. Providing the first comprehensive systematic assessment of the social accounting matrix (SAM) in twenty developing countries, Solomon Cohen introduces key research in the area and looks at its practical applications. Divided into two parts, the first part of each chapter: -Deals with the construction and structural analysis of the SAM -Examines refinements of the SAM as a self-contained model of the economy; study of SAM multipliers of growth and distribution -Explores decompositions of multiplier effects and cross-country and inter-temporal comparative analysis of changing economic structures. The second part looks at the SAM as a modular framework and a database, which can be flexibly used in economic policy modelling. This valuable reference, and the accompanying volume Social Accounting or Industrial and Transition Economies will be an essential addition to the bookshelves of researchers, instructors, policy makers, scholars and libraries."--Provided by publisher

"Mainstream economics generally assumes a universalistic market-oriented economic behavior that drives countries to adopt one economic system, with marginal variations. This book extends the scope of theory and applications by asserting that other distinct behaviors evolve and dominate in other economic systems. Systemic differences arise from distinct social, political and economic behavioral-motivational types that associate with intensive agent activity in household, state and firm settings. External conditions, historical events, and agent interactions ultimately result in domination of one motivational type over others; thus determining distinct profiles of structure, conduct, and performance in different economic systems, that are generally observed in the adopting countries. The book validates the theory empirically, traces the historical evolution of the respective economic systems in the world regions and evaluates their responses to various systemic failures such as monopoly, uncertainties, externalities and collective needs. The evaluation is extended to structural changes and system performance regarding growth and distribution. This book draws on microeconomics, welfare economics, development economics and the international economy. The book projects the influence potential of leading countries/systems, and treats effects of displacement of incumbent leaders (US, Japan) by newcomer leaders (China, India) on system competition and on world governance."--

"Over the past decades, many different kinds of models have been developed that have been of use to policy makers, but until now the different approaches have not been brought together with a view to enhancing the systematic unification and evaluation of these models. This new volume aims to fill this gap by bringing together four decades' worth of work by S.I. Cohen on economic modelling for policy making. Work on older models has been rewritten and brought fully up to date, and these older models have therefore been brought back to the fore, both to assess how they influenced more recent models and to see how they could be used today."--Publisher's website.

1. Introduction -- 1.1.Scope of the study -- 1.2.Plan of the study -- 2. Agrarian Development and the Economics of Agrarian Reform -- 2.1. General outline -- 2.2. Sociological aspects -- 2.3. Political aspects -- 2.4. Economic aspects -- 2.5. The economics of agrarian reform -- 3. Demonstration Models of Agrarian Structures and Agrarian Reform -- 3.1. Features of the basic model -- 3.2. Formulation of the basic model -- 3.3. Adaptation of the basic model to different socio-political systems -- 3.4. Elaboration of the approach -- 3.5. Programming formulations, more groups, structural transformations -- 4. Indian Applications -- 4.1. The political structure of Indian society -- 4.2. Estimation of the projection model -- 4.3. Projection results -- 4.4. The simulated measures -- 4.5. Effectivity of the stimulated measures -- 5. Chilean Applications -- 5.1. The political structure of Chilean society -- 5.2. Estimation of the projection model -- 5.3. Projection results -- 5.4. A simulation of land redistribution under the 1967 Agrarian Reform Law -- 5.5. Credit advances -- 5.6. Measures for increasing productivity -- 5.7. Higher taxation -- 5.8. Higher wages -- 5.9. Summarized results -- References -- Indices.

AbstractThe two purposes of the research are (a) to develop an analytical model that views the economy/polity as a social system with interactive subsystems of actors: households, firms, government, political parties and other significant actors, and (b) apply the analytical model to construct and verify a timeline that figures major events in world development that shaped the evolution of the western economies, and the relative strength of their interacting subsystems. The timeline highlights the changing and evolving dominance of the major subsystems in the economic history of the western world. We differ from the convention of looking at history as the occurrence of exogenous consequential events and offer instead a system dynamics analysis that makes historical events endogenous and to be affected by the powerplay within the system. The current dominance of the firm subsystem in western countries is demonstrated to be the accumulated result of centuries of past events: wars, discoveries, colonies, trade, political enlightenments, and industrial revolutions that strengthened participation and interactions in the firm subsystem at the cost of weakened dominance of rival subsystems (those of traditional households, theocrats, manors, communes, royals, and the modern state subsystem). The behavioral orientation of a social system is explainable in terms of (a) interactive influence (which occurs during the participation and interaction of agents in multiple settings, with some settings having more interactive influence than others), and (b) regulative influence (where the conduct of the one subsystem overrules that of other subsystems). Western economic history suggests a positive conditional correlation and convergence between (a) and (b). Being conditional, the convergence between (a) and (b) may not hold in other world contexts, i.e., China, India, Arab and African countries.

Research on the topic of distribution of foreign aid among
recipients is regaining momentum. This is understandable in the light of
the knowledge that presently the richest 40 percent of the developing
world receives twice as much aid per capita as the poorest 40 percent
[UNDP (1994)], while once upon a time foreign aid was sought to
accomplish exactly the opposite. The distribution of official
development assistance (ODA) is conventionally studied in terms of two
models: the 'recipient needs' model and the 'donor interest' model. In
the first, foreign aid flows are seen to satisfy the socio-economic
needs of the recipient countries. In the second, national interests of
donors, whether these are military, political or commercial, are seen to
determine the direction and size of the foreign aid. Empirical studies
were made to ascertain and understand whether, on balance, foreign aid
is motivated by recipient need or donor interest. There is one class of
studies, for example, Mcgillivray (1989), which estimates for donors a
compound measure of their allocation bias. The other class of studies,
i.e., Maizels and Nissanke (1984) and Grilli and Riess (1992), employs
regression analysis to explain allocation of foreign aid by
representative variables of recipient need and donor
interest.

This paper presents for Pakistan an analysis of the country's
recent economic growth and social development, and medium term prospects
covering the period of the Seventh Plan. The meaning of economic growth
is self-evident. In contrast, by social development we shall mean the
pace of progress as regards the distribution of income, the satisfaction
of essential needs, balanced development and employment of human
resources. The paper has two purposes (i) to provide valuable
information for policy making in the area of growth and development, and
(ii) to demonstrate the attractiveness and usefulness of working with
the models we have developed. We shall rely exclusively on the results
obtained from the planning models which were developed in collaboration
with the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad and
Erasmus University, Rotterdam Netherlands. Most of the past models which
were developed for Pakistan served analytical purposes, were
demonstrative in nature or were not updated. As a result, they are
practically irrelevant for today's appraisal of future prospects. More
recently, since 1980, a few models which have been updated regularly may
turn out to have a future. In particular, among the macro models, PIDE's
econometric model is the most widely publicised, cf. Naqvi et aL (1983).
In the category of activity models one simple but handy model is
available in Cohen, Havinga and Saleem (1985).