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Abstract
Muslim migrants are the counter-figures through whom the modern Western identity is shaped. In Islamophobic discourses, they are constructed as inherently sexist and homophobic. In this ideological context, queer migrants coming from Muslim countries occupy an intersectional social location between Islamophobia and homophobia. In this paper we analyze the cinematic representation of queer migrants living in Europe coming from Muslim backgrounds. The aim of the paper is to analyze whether the films reproduce or subvert the Western "gay narrative". The corpus of analysis is made up of 19 films which were studied through a process of categorization of the relevant fragments in a matrix. The films are classified in three categories according to their approach. The first gathers those films that hold an assimilationist discourse, according to which queer migrants should embrace the Western "gay narrative" and abandon the values of the communities of origin. In the second category, the films propose a hybrid perspective in which characters merge elements from both the country of residence and the cultural background of origin in the exploration of their sexuality and gender. The films in the third category revolve around a metaphorical relationship between a queer migrant and a native person, promoting a reflection on the possibilities of transformative encounters that break the boundaries between supposedly opposed social groups.

La tesis se inscribe en la reflexión sobre la relación entre acción y estructura, en el caso del género y la sexualidad. Más específicamente, se quiere indagar en porqué las personas reproducen discursos sobre el género y la sexualidad que niegan su margen de agencia. Esta reflexión se concreta en dos objetivos generales, con sus respectivos objetivos específicos. El primer objetivo general es analizar cómo y con qué efectos se construye discursivamente la identidad de género y la tendencia sexual, atendiendo especialmente a la atribución de agencia de los sujetos trans, lesbianas y gays. Este objetivo lo concretamos en el análisis de los discursos de los ámbitos religioso, científico y político, de las asociaciones LGTB, de lesbianas, gays y trans a título individual y de los actores implicados en el proceso de patologización de la transexualidad. El segundo objetivo general es analizar cómo se construyen discursivamente las identidades colectivas de trans, lesbianas y gays. Éste se concreta en dos objetivos específicos: estudiar cómo se construye la diferencia entre homosexualidad y transexualidad y analizar la constitución de las categorías colectivas en oposición a exteriores discursivos. ; My thesis is framed within rethinking the relationship between action and structure as regards gender and sexuality. In more specific terms it delves into the reasons why people reproduce discourses on gender and sexuality which deny their capacity for agency. This reconsideration focuses on two general objectives and their respective specific objectives. The first general objective is to analyse how gender identity is constructed in discourse and its consequences, paying particular attention to the assigning of agency to trans, lesbian and gay subjects. My approach here concerns analysing discourses from various social arenas: religious, scientific, political, the LGTB associations, lesbians, gays and trans at an individual level, and the various parties involved in the process of pathologising sex reassignment. The ...

Since the emergence of trans-activism in Barcelona (pioneer in the Spanish context) in 1970, identity categories to refer to people who do not identify with the socially-assigned gender identity have experienced a major transformation. In this article, we analyse the evolution of identity categories related to gender diversity from 1978 to 2010 in order to recover the history of trans-activism and explore its specificities with regard to the hegemonic logic in other western countries. In the period analysed, five associations were identified and studied, revealing a trend that predominantly conceives identity categories in a fluid manner, contrary to the main trans-activism in western countries, which reinforced the medical category 'transsexual' in opposition to those of 'homosexual' and 'transvestite'. Moreover, in this period, a profound change can be observed in the political subject (from trans-women working in sex work to middle-class trans-boys), as well as a transformation of alliances: from the rejection of trans-associations by gay and lesbian associations to the subsequent coalition and progressive rapprochement towards feminism.

A pesar de que la población trans presenta un alto grado de exclusión laboral, no hay estudios al respecto en el contexto español. Este estudio exploratorio tiene como objetivos identificar los factores que colocan las personas trans en situaciones de vulnerabilidad frente al mercado de trabajo y establecer los subgrupos que se encuentran en una situación más vulnerable. A partir de entrevistas a personas trans e informantes clave, identificamos 9 factores (género, visibilidad, tiempos, origen y situación legal, posición socioeconómica, apoyo del entorno, nivel formativo, trabajo sexual y estado de salud) que son claves para entender las diferencias dentro del colectivo trans en relación a las posibilidades de inserción. Asimismo, establecemos tres subgrupos que se encuentran en un mayor riesgo de exclusión social.

La Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Asociación de Psiquiatría Americana catalogan la transexualidad como una patología bajo el nombre de 'trastorno de identidad de género' y 'disforia de género', respectivamente. En el contexto español, la Ley 3/2007 establece que para poder modificarse la mención de sexo hace falta presentar, entre otros, un certificado de dicho diagnóstico. Las Unidades de Trastornos de Identidad de Género, ubicadas en las unidades de psiquiatría de diferentes hospitales públicos, son las encargadas de expedir este tipo de certificados una vez pasado un proceso que puede durar dos años. En este artículo, tras analizar la construcción del género que subyace en el discurso médico oficial sobre la transexualidad se concluye que se establece una visión patologizadora, binarista, biologista y que fomenta, en el caso de los trans masculinos, los estereotipos de la masculinidad hegemónica. ; The World Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association categorize transsexuality as a pathology, under the names of "gender identity disorder" and "gender dysphoria" respectively. In the Spanish context, Ley 3/2007, also known as the "Gender Identity Law", establishes that in order to change one's official gender, one must provide, among other requirements, a certificate for such diagnoses. UTIGs (Unities for Gender Identity Disorder), located in the psychiatric division of several public hospitals, are responsible for the expedition of such certificates, once undergone a process that can take up to two years. In this article we analyze the construction of gender and masculinity underlying the official medical discourse about transsexuality. We conclude that those discourses establish a pathologizing, binarist, biologistic gaze, which, in the case of trans men, foments hegemonic masculinity stereotypes.

In the framework of academic discussion, it is emerging the necessity to deal with the interaction between different inequalities in the public policy's design and implementation, being the intersectional approach a very interesting theoretical proposal. It has been detected, however, that more empiric analysis are needed in order to prove the obstacles and advances found in the public policies to implement the intersectionality between different inequalities. In this article, we analyze recent LGTB equality policies, study in the Catalan case in particular, to see how they conceive the relationship between inequalities, and to detect which are the main factors that interfere in the implementation of an intersectional model. Adapted from the source document.