Suchergebnisse

This study employs the synthetic control method (SCM) to estimate the economic effects of signing free trade agreements (FTAs) with the United States. This method allows for a counterfactual –the country's per capita GDP had it not signed a FTA–, which can be compared with the observed per capita GDP. This difference speaks to the causal impact of the FTA. We principally find that FTAs seem to have a heterogeneous impact. In particular, there is evidence that signing a FTA with the U.S. had a positive impact on Chile and Jordan's per capita GDP and that NAFTA harmed Mexico's per capita GDP. In several other cases, no significant economic impact is discernible. Besides, the more a country depends on the U.S. for its trade, the less beneficial signing a FTA with the U.S. is. This article contributes to the debate on the effectiveness of trade as a development strategy. In particular, the SCM opens up the possibility of a "case‐by‐case" analysis, ultimately revealing that a FTA with the U.S.–a country situated at the world's technology frontier–has heterogeneous outcomes and, by itself, does not guarantee economic development (obtained through a higher per capita GDP).

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la vinculación entre el talento de investigadores y emprendedores, mediante un modelo de emparejamiento considerando las fricciones que pudieran existir (matching model with search frictions). La principal contribución se basa en ampliar el conocimiento en la modelación de la innovación exitosa como resultado de un proceso de búsqueda con fricciones. Se muestra evidencia de que los países que son creativos también son productores de conocimiento, y a la vez tienen mejores insumos para la innovación. Para lograr ser más competitivo a nivel país deben considerarse todos los factores (inputs) que impulsan la innovación (outputs). También se encontró que los países de mayor desarrollo han adoptado estrategias de innovación más articuladas a diferencia de los países con menor desarrollo, incluyendo la facilidad para la vinculación entre investigadores y emprendedores. Las conclusiones del presente trabajo pueden ser relevantes en el diseño de estrategias y políticas gubernamentales para promover el desarrollo y el crecimiento a través de la innovación. ; (Linking the Talent of Researchers and Entrepreneurs for Innovation)The objective of this research is to analyze the link between the talent of researches and entrepreneurs using a matching model with the search frictions that could exist. The main contribution is expanding the knowledge on the modeling of successful innovation as a result of a frictions search process. There is also evidence that creative countries are also producers of knowledge and, in turn, have better inputs for innovation. In order to be more competitive at a national level, all the factors (inputs) that promote innovation (outputs) must be considered. Furthermore, it was found that the more developed countries have adopted more articulated innovation strategies, unlike less developed countries, including the ease to create a connection between researchers and entrepreneurs. The conclusions hereof can be relevant for the design of governmental strategies and policies to promote development and growth through innovation.

What would have happened if a relatively looser fisheries policy had been implemented in the European Union (EU)? Using Bayesian methods a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is estimated to assess the impact of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) on the economic performance of a Galician (north-west of Spain) fleet highly dependant on the EU Atlantic southern stock of hake. Our counterfactual analysis shows that if a less effective CFP had been implemented during the period 1986–2012, fishing opportunities would have increased, leading to an increase in labour hours of 4.87%. However, this increase in fishing activity would have worsened the profitability of the fleet, dropping wages and rental price of capital by 6.79% and 0.88%, respectively. Welfare would also be negatively affected since, in addition to the increase in hours worked, consumption would have reduced by 0.59%

What would have happened if a relatively looser fisheries policy had been implemented in the European Union (EU)? Using Bayesian methods a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is estimated to assess the impact of the European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) on the economic performance of a Galician (north-west of Spain) fleet highly dependant on the EU Atlantic southern stock of hake. Our counterfactual analysis shows that if a less effective CFP had been implemented during the period 1986–2012, fishing opportunities would have increased, leading to an increase in labour hours of 4.87%. However, this increase in fishing activity would have worsened the profitability of the fleet, dropping wages and rental price of capital by 6.79% and 0.88%, respectively. Welfare would also be negatively affected since, in addition to the increase in hours worked, consumption would have reduced by 0.59%