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THIS ARTICLE REPORTS ON THE OUTCOME OF THE 1989 EUROPEAN ELECTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND. IT WAS A DECREASE IN THE VOTE FOR THE TWO LARGEST PARTIES, A CLEAR SWING TO THE LEFT AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE GREEN PARTY. THE SUCCESS OF IRISH PARTIES NOW DEPENDS ON THEIR ECONOMIC APPEAL TO THE ELECTORATE IN GENERAL AND THE LOYALTY OF THEIR TRADITIONAL SUPPORTES IT EXAMINES THE CAMPAIGN, THE PROCEDURE, THE NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN ELECTIONS, AND GIVES THE RESULTS.

This original and accessible book is a comprehensive, authoritative analysis of U.S. Special Operations. U.S. Special Operations Command trains and equips units to undertake select military activities, frequently high-risk missions, often for the purposes of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. Since 9/11, impelled by an attack on U.S. soil, these forces have been a central instrument of America's military campaign - operating in about one hundred countries on any given day. This fight - neither hot war nor cold peace - was launched and executed as a new type of global war in 2001 and has since splintered into a spectrum of regional conflicts. The result are our nation's grey wars: hazy and lethal. This contemporary history, incorporating extensive interviews and archival research by security studies expert N. W. Collins, delves deeply into the transformation of these forces since 9/11.

An analysis of U.S. Special Operations Command, at the center of America's twenty-first-century wars.

Global food imports, including those from Africa, constitute an integral part of the food chain in the European Union (EU) and a potential source of food hazards. Foodborne pathogens are among the food hazards that do not only impact on public health but also have economic implications for exporters. The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) is an important tool for reporting and communicating food safety risks among EU Member States and EEA countries. This study aimed to identify the common foodborne pathogens in foods originating from African countries to the EU between 1999 and 2019 by analysing RASFF notifications. A total of 596 notifications were reported by 19 countries due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms (PM) in food originating from 27 African countries. The highest number of notifications related to Greece (n = 228) and most of the PM notifications were border rejections (60.6%). PM notifications increased from 17 (2016) to 46 (2017) and 173 (2019). Salmonella was the most predominant pathogen notified, accounting for 523 (87.8%) of PM notifications. Over half (52%) of the Salmonella notifications were from foods originating from Eastern Africa, followed by Western Africa (n = 145; 28%), and the country with the highest Salmonella contamination was Sudan (n = 182). The most important product category contaminated with Salmonella was "nuts, nut products and seeds" (n = 343), with majority (n = 335) being sesame seeds. Evaluation of the RASFF risk decision listed for each notification showed that 97% of Salmonella-contaminated sesame seeds posed serious risks to consumers. African countries exporting food products to the EU must strengthen their food safety systems to prevent the huge economic losses resulting from non-compliance with EU food safety standards.

Examines political institutions, the Constitution, local government, and regional authorities, in context of proposed reforms of the highly centralized, unitary state.

Policy making in Greece's agricultural sector is examined in order to assess the applicability of pluralist or corporatist classifications using the notion of policy networks, which is analyzed in terms of six broad dimensions. Models of sectoral corporatism & pressure pluralism are applied to the history & institutional context of Greek agriculture. Greece's agricultural policy networks distribute power between a variety of groups. The government is vulnerable to the demands of the cooperatives, indicating that the sectoral corporatism model understates the level of mutual dependency & shares policy-making powers with other societal institutions. 1 Table, 21 References. J. Markovitz

THE MAJOR FEATURES OF THE EUROPEAN ELECTION IN IRELAND WERE THE 16 PER CENT DROP IN TURNOUT; THE GAINS IN SEATS BY BOTH FIANNA FAIL AND FINE GAEL, DESPITE DECLINING SHARES OF THE VOTE; AND THE DISASTER FOR LABOUR, WITH ALL ITS SEATS LOST AND A FURTHER DECLINE IN ITS ELECTORAL STRENGTH. THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTY ORGANIZATION AND VOTE MANAGEMENT WERE FURTHER UNDERLINED. BOTH FIANNA FAIL AND FINE GAEL MADE GOOD USE OF THEIR ESTABLISHED CANDIDATES AND DIVIDED THEIR VOTING STRENGTHS EFFECTIVELY. TO RETAIN THEIR HOLD ON THE ELECTORATE ALL MEPS WILL HAVE TO KEEP THEIR NAMES BEFORE THE ELECTORATE BY FURTHERING LOCAL CAUSES EVEN AT THE COST OF INVOLVEMENT AT STRASBOURG. THE 15 IRISH MEMBERS ARE LIKELY TO BE MORE EUROPEAN-TDS, THAN MEPS.