Suchergebnisse

Dans le cadre d'une réflexion sur les trajectoires futures du système électrique français, cette étude propose un éclairage sur les enjeux structurels à moyen terme. La première partie analyse les principaux facteurs d'incertitudes qui conditionnent la transition du secteur électrique français sur les plans technique, économique et politique. La seconde partie présente une analyse exploratoire de quatre scénarios d'évolution du système électrique à l'horizon 2030, visant d'une part à évaluer les conditions de mise en cohérence de ces trajectoires, en tenant compte des objectifs politiques, et, d'autre part, à analyser leur capacité à répondre aux enjeux identifiés en première partie, ainsi que leur résilience vis-à-vis des facteurs d'incertitude qui persistent.

Dans le cadre d'une réflexion sur les trajectoires futures du système électrique français, cette étude propose un éclairage sur les enjeux structurels à moyen terme. La première partie analyse les principaux facteurs d'incertitudes qui conditionnent la transition du secteur électrique français sur les plans technique, économique et politique. La seconde partie présente une analyse exploratoire de quatre scénarios d'évolution du système électrique à l'horizon 2030, visant d'une part à évaluer les conditions de mise en cohérence de ces trajectoires, en tenant compte des objectifs politiques, et, d'autre part, à analyser leur capacité à répondre aux enjeux identifiés en première partie, ainsi que leur résilience vis-à-vis des facteurs d'incertitude qui persistent.

Constraining global average temperatures to 2 8C above pre-industrial levels will probably require global energy system emissions to be halved by 2050 and complete decarbonization by 2100. In the nationally orientated climate policy framework codified under the Paris Agreement, each nation must decide the scale and method of their emissions reduction contribution while remaining consistent with the global carbon budget. This policy process will require engagement amongst a wide range of stakeholders who have very different visions for the physical implementation of deep decarbonization. The Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project (DDPP) has developed a methodology, building on the energy, climate and economics literature, to structure these debates based on the following principles: country-scale analysis to capture specific physical, economic and political circumstances to maximize policy relevance, a long-term perspective to harmonize short-term decisions with the long-term objective and detailed sectoral analysis with transparent representation of emissions drivers through a common accounting framework or 'dashboard'. These principles are operationalized in the creation of deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs), which involve technically detailed, sector-by-sector maps of each country's decarbonization transition, backcasting feasible pathways from 2050 end points. This article shows how the sixteen DDPP country teams, covering 74% of global energy system emissions, used this method to collectively restrain emissions to a level consistent with the 2 8C target while maintaining development aspirations and reflecting national circumstances, mainly through efficiency, decarbonization of energy carriers (e.g. electricity, hydrogen, biofuels and synthetic gas) and switching to these carriers. The cross-cutting analysis of country scenarios reveals important enabling conditions for the transformation, pertaining to technology research and development, investment, trade and global and national policies. ; Funding for ...

The ongoing transformation of the world's energy systems requires an international monitoring to evaluate the transformation processes and to identify transferable leading practice policies. For this purpose, an independent scientific expert commission should be established for the G20. By actively involving political decision-makers in the discussion of the final results a broad basis of support can be ensured. The Climate and Energy Action Plan for Growth agreed at the G20 Summit in Hamburg recognizes explicitly the main proposals of this paper. The paper provides a broader discussion how to assist the G20's energy transformation processes and describes steps towards implementation.

The ongoing transformation of the world's energy systems requires an international monitoring to evaluate the transformation processes and to identify transferable leading practice policies. For this purpose, an independent scientific expert commission should be established for the G20. By actively involving political decision-makers in the discussion of the final results a broad basis of support can be ensured.

Governments worldwide have agreed that international climate policy should aim to limit the increase of global mean temperature to less than 2oC with respect to pre-industrial levels. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the emission reductions and related energy system changes in various countries in pathways consistent with the 2oC target. We synthesize and provide an overview of the national and regional information contained in different scenarios from various global models published over the last few years, as well as yet unpublished scenarios submitted by modelling teams participating in the MILES project (Modelling and Informing Low-Emission Strategies). We find that emissions in the mitigation scenarios are significantly reduced in all regions compared to the baseline without climate policies. The regional cumulative CO2 emissions show on average a 76% reduction between the baseline and 450 scenario. The 450 scenarios show a reduction of primary energy demand in all countries of roughly 30-40% compared to the baseline. In the baseline scenario, the contribution of low-carbon energy technology remains around 15%, i.e. similar as today. In the mitigation scenario, these numbers are scaled up rapidly towards 2050. Looking at air quality, sulphur dioxide and black carbon emissions are strongly reduced as a co-benefit of greenhouse gas emission reductions, in both developing and developed countries. However, black carbon emissions increase in countries that strongly rely on bioenergy to reach mitigation targets. Concerning energy security, energy importing countries generally experience a decrease in net-energy imports in mitigation scenarios compared to the baseline development, while energy exporters experience a loss of energy export revenues.