Suchergebnisse

El concepto de "maquinación" (Machenschaft) ocupa un lugar central en la obra de Heidegger durante el período comprendido entre 1936 y 1940. En su análisis de la esencia de la época moderna, el filósofo checo de orientación marxista Karel Kosík se apropia de importantes elementos conceptuales procedentes de esta etapa del pensamiento de Heidegger. En concreto, emplea nociones análogas a la de "maquinación", como "sistema de manipulabilidad". Ponemos de relieve las semejanzas y puntos de fricción en la descripción de la esencia de la época moderna de ambos pensadores, así como sus respectivas propuestas para poner coto a la primacía técnica y al pensamiento calculador y las resonancias políticas derivadas de sus análisis. ; The concept of "Machination" (Machenschaft) occupies a central place in Heidegger's work during the period between 1936 and 1940. In his analysis of the essence of the Modern Age, the Marxist-oriented czech philosopher Karel Kosík appropriates important conceptual elements from this stage of Heidegger's thought. In particular, he employs analogous notions to "Machination", as "Manipulability System". We highlight the similarities and points of friction in the description of the essence of the Modern Age in both thinkers, as well as their respective proposals to limit technical primacy and calculative thinking and political resonances derived from their analysis.

Since his entry as a member of the Institut für Sozialforschung's work team, Herbert Marcuse begins to develop a materialist theory of society far from his youth Heideggerianism. During the period between 1933 and 1936, the Berlin author writes several essays where he criticizes German existential philosophy's political drift. In these essays, Marcuse confronts Lebensphilosophie and phenomenology's vulgarized versions -headed by Heidegger- which provided a kind of philosophic foundation to the heroic realism's "worldview" (Weltanschauung) and to the totalitarian State's socio-economic policies. ; Coincidiendo con su entrada como miembro del equipo de trabajo del Institut für Sozialforschung, Herbert Marcuse comienza a desarrollar una teoría materialista de la sociedad alejada del heideggerianismo de su juventud. Durante el período comprendido entre 1933 y 1936, el autor berlinés escribe una serie de artículos cuestionando la deriva política de la filosofía existencial en Alemania. En ellos se confronta con las versiones vulgarizadas de la Lebensphilosophie y de la fenomenología -encabezadas por Heidegger- que proveyeron una suerte de fundamentación filosófica a la "concepción del mundo" (Weltanschauung) del realismo heroico y a las políticas socio-económicas del Estado total-autoritario.

The concept of "Machination" (Machenschaft) occupies a central place in Heidegger's work during the period between 1936 and 1940. In his analysis of the essence of the Modern Age, the Marxist-oriented czech philosopher Karel Kosík appropriates important conceptual elements from this stage of Heidegger's thought. In particular, he employs analogous notions to "Machination", as "Manipulability System". We highlight the similarities and points of friction in the description of the essence of the Modern Age in both thinkers, as well as their respective proposals to limit technical primacy and calculative thinking and political resonances derived from their analysis. ; El concepto de "maquinación" (Machenschaft) ocupa un lugar central en la obra de Heidegger durante el período comprendido entre 1936 y 1940. En su análisis de la esencia de la época moderna, el filósofo checho de orientación marxista Karel Kosík se apropia de importantes elementos conceptuales procedentes de esta etapa del pensamiento de Heidegger. En concreto, emplea nociones análogas a la de "maquinación", como "sistema de manipulabilidad". Ponemos de relieve las semejanzas y puntos de fricción en la descripción de la esencia de la época moderna de ambos pensadores, así como sus respectivas propuestas para poner coto a la primacía técnica y al pensamiento calculador y las resonancias políticas derivadas de sus análisis.

The objective of this manuscript is twofold: to critically analyze the principles of epistemic diversity and democracy and perform an analysis of the social construction of knowledge by university students through cooperative learning. The semi-structured interview methodology employed in the research revealed that the students provided a positive assessment of the possibilities of cooperation in heterogeneous teams: the array of experiences that were emerging in the process helped the students in the tertiary systems transcend the boundaries of their knowledge, share experiences, and construct new knowledge together. The research also highlighted students' critical attitudes towards previous teamwork experiences, which relied more on an individualist than social approaches to knowledge. It also reflected on the causes and consequences of those experiences. Student interviews revealed a variety of difficulties the students were facing during team cooperation. The unconventional study process, centred on active and independent performance, social construction of knowledge, triggered confusion of the students' roles, dissatisfaction with the unequal contributions by the team members to the common work, and the lack of teachers' intervention. The findings established the basis for the design of the educational approaches for university students to socially construct knowledge through

The objective of this manuscript is twofold: to critically analyze the principles of epistemic diversity and democracy and perform an analysis of the social construction of knowledge by university students through cooperative learning. The semi-structured interview methodology employed in the research revealed that the students provided a positive assessment of the possibilities of cooperation in heterogeneous teams: the array of experiences that were emerging in the process helped the students in the tertiary systems transcend the boundaries of their knowledge, share experiences, and construct new knowledge together. The research also highlighted students' critical attitudes towards previous teamwork experiences, which relied more on an individualist than social approaches to knowledge. It also reflected on the causes and consequences of those experiences. Student interviews revealed a variety of difficulties the students were facing during team cooperation. The unconventional study process, centred on active and independent performance, social construction of knowledge, triggered confusion of the students' roles, dissatisfaction with the unequal contributions by the team members to the common work, and the lack of teachers' intervention. The findings established the basis for the design of the educational approaches for university students to socially construct knowledge through cooperation.

The objective of this manuscript is twofold: to critically analyze the principles of epistemic diversity and democracy and perform an analysis of the social construction of knowledge by university students through cooperative learning. The semi-structured interview methodology employed in the research revealed that the students provided a positive assessment of the possibilities of cooperation in heterogeneous teams: the array of experiences that were emerging in the process helped the students in the tertiary systems transcend the boundaries of their knowledge, share experiences, and construct new knowledge together. The research also highlighted students' critical attitudes towards previous teamwork experiences, which relied more on an individualist than social approaches to knowledge. It also reflected on the causes and consequences of those experiences. Student interviews revealed a variety of difficulties the students were facing during team cooperation. The unconventional study process, centred on active and independent performance, social construction of knowledge, triggered confusion of the students' roles, dissatisfaction with the unequal contributions by the team members to the common work, and the lack of teachers' intervention. The findings established the basis for the design of the educational approaches for university students to socially construct knowledge through cooperation.

Daphnia are important to understanding the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems, mainly because of their ability to filter bacteria, algae and inorganic particles as well. Although there are many studies on the general effects that biotic and abiotic stressors, increased temperature and hypoxia, salinity, metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, etc., have on Daphnia populations, little is known about the impact elevated turbulence has. Here, we show that turbulence affects Daphnia magna survival, swimming behaviour and filtering capacity. Our data demonstrate that altering their habitat by induced mixing from turbulence, induces an increased filtering capacity of the Daphnia magna individuals, provided the level of background turbulence (defined by the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy) is lower than ε = 0.04 cm2 s−3. The filtering capacity reduced exponentially with increasing ε, and at ε > 1 cm2 s−3 both mobility and filtration were suppressed and eventually led to the death of all the Daphnia magna individuals ; This work was supported by the University of Girona funding MPCUdG2016 and by the INNOQUA project from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Ares(2016)1770486)

Analysing the effect water temperature has on Daphnia magna is essential in anticipating the impact climate change will have on this freshwater zooplanktonic keystone species. While many authors have followed this line of research, few have covered an extensive temperature range or complex temperature change scenarios. Global warming is mostly associated with increased extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, as well as earlier and more intense thermal stratification. Both of these events may directly influence D. magna fitness, especially in those populations performing diel vertical migration (DVM). We analysed the effect water temperatures, ranging from 11 to 29°C, have on the filtration capacity (FC) of D. magna, to anticipate the effects of acclimation, temperature change rate (TCR) and potential reversibility of responses to such conditions. Results show that sudden temperature changes have an immediate negative impact on the FC of D. magna and is more severe at higher temperatures and higher TCRs. However, D. magna individuals have shown themselves to be capable of quasi-acclimating to temperatures ranging from 11 to 25°C in around a week and achieving much higher FCs; albeit never reaching the optimal FC achieved at 20°C. That said, 29°C is lethal for D. magna individuals within approximately five days. Finally, non-optimal temperature acclimated individuals can recover maximal FC within 2–4 days of the optimal long-term acclimation temperature (20°C) being re-established, thus proving temperature responses to be reversible ; This work was supported by the University of Girona funding MPCUdG2016 and by the INNOQUA project from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Ares2016-1770486) to MFM, TS, and JC

Plastic debris has been found to be ubiquitous in many aquatic ecosystems and is constantly accumulating, not only because more and more plastic is being rapidly released into the environment, but also because its slow degradation means it persists in the water. Some more buoyant plastics accumulate in the water column, whereas other heavier types sink to the bottom. Consequently, the presence of microplastics can threaten organisms living in the water column as well as those found in the benthic zone. In this study, the filter feeder Daphnia has been found to ingest microplastics as the particle diameter (< 30 µm) is within their edible particle size range and they are unable to differentiate between particles of different natures. Four different treatments were considered: food only; only microplastic particles; 50% food and 50% microplastic particles; neither food nor microplastics. Sinking microplastics have been found to decrease Daphnia magna individuals' swimming velocity during vertical or cruising swimming trajectories, therefore demonstrating the sublethal effects microplastics have on this organism. In addition, microplastics decreased their body growth and survival rates. In cases with the presence of only microplastics, the swimming trajectories of Daphnia indicated the most serious stress experienced as individuals reversed vertical or cruising swimming trajectories to hopping and sinking movements. Therefore, Daphnia individuals in freshwater systems polluted by microplastics might take on the role of ingesting them and later on transporting them to deeper layer water column. In this way microplastics that would remain in the water column for a long time ; This research was supported by the Grant 2017SGR1118 from the Catalan Government. Sergi Magester was funded by the Spanish Government through the scholarship 19CO1/011321

For the past two centuries coastal zones have been suffering seagrass loss resulting in a network of vegetated patches which are barely interconnected and which may compromise the ecological services provided by the canopy. To optimize management efforts for successful restoration strategies, questions need to be addressed about what appropriate canopy architectural considerations are required under certain hydrodynamic conditions. In this study, a set of laboratory experiments were conducted in which hydrodynamic conditions, plant densities and vegetated patch lengths were varied to determine minimum patch lengths for successful management strategies. Based on the TKE production, this study finds two possible canopy behaviours of seagrasses under oscillating flows: one where plants do not interact with the flow and the other where they interact with waves and produce TKE. A threshold from the first to second behaviour occurs for = 2, where CD is the drag of the vegetated patch, n is the number of stems per m2, d is the stem diameter and ϕ is the solid plant fraction. Therefore, high canopy densities, large patches of vegetation or moderate wave velocities will produce plant-wave interaction, whereas low canopy densities, small vegetation patches or slow wave velocities will produce a behaviour akin to the non-vegetated cases ; This research was funded by the "Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad" of the Spanish Government through the grant CGL2017-86515-P. Aina Barcelona was funded by the pre-doctoral grant 2020 FI SDUR 00043 by the "Generalitat de Catalunya"