Suchergebnisse

Gull eggs are excellent bioindicators of environmental pollution as reflect the contamination levels of coastal areas, especially of persistent and bioacumulative compounds such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study aims to evaluate the geographical distribution and 10-year temporal trends (2009-2018) of 17 PFAS in eggs of two gull species (Larus michahellis and Larus audouinii) from 5 main Spanish colonies. ∑PFAS ranged from 13.7 ± 5.9 to 164 ± 17 ng g-1 wet weight and higher concentrations were observed in L. audouinii than in L. michahellis. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant compound in all samples, followed by perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriDA). Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFNA) were also found in all studied areas but at lower concentrations, while perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was only detected in the Medes Islands. Principal Component Analysis revealed the co-occurrence of the 6 detected PFAS, and differentiated samples from Ebro Delta and Medes Islands, both located in the North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, with high contribution of all PFAS, from Chafarinas and Atlantic Islands with lower concentration levels and variability. Also, different patterns were observed among colonies, suggesting the fish-based diet plays an important role in PFAS bioaccumulation. In all colonies, except for the Medes Islands, ∑PFAS decreased through the 10-year study period, with PFOS, PFUnA, and PFTriDA showing a significant concentration reduction in a colony-specific manner. This study demonstrates the usefulness and importance of continuous systematic long-term monitoring to determine the geographical distribution and temporal variations of PFAS in marine protected areas using gull eggs as bioindicators of environmental pollution. ; We acknowledge the Islas Atlánticas National Park, Refugio de Caza de las Islas Chafarinas, Delta de l'Ebre Natural Park, and Montgrí, les Illes Medes i el Baix Ter Natural Park to authorize sampling for our work. The Servei de Protecció i Gestió de la Fauna (Catalan Government) is acknowledged for sampling permission. We are especially grateful to José Antonio Fernández-Bouza and Vicente Piorno (Atlantic Islands), Javier Zapata (Chafarinas) for organizing the sampling, logistic support and transport of samples and for their valuable contributions to the study, and Mònica Cárdenas and Marc Bosch (Medes Islands) and Francesc Vidal and Antoni Curcó (PN Delta de l'Ebre) for facilitating sampling. We also thank Carles Domingo and Julia Piccardo (Forestal Catalana) for valuable field assistance. This research has been funded by the Spanish Autonomous Organism of National Parks (projects 038/2009 and 2012/768) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [PID 2019-105732 GB-C21, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. ; Peer reviewed

This study provides new knowledge on the mobility, behavior, and partitioning of 17 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the water-sediment-plant system along the Dongzhulong and Xiaoqing Rivers. The fate of PFASs in these rivers is also discussed. The study area is affected by the industrial production of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The ∑PFASs in water and sediments close to the industrial discharge were 84,000 ± 2000 ng/L and 2300 ± 200 ng/g dw, respectively, with the concentrations decreasing along the river due to dilution. PFOA was the dominant compound (74–97% of the ∑PFASs), although other PFASs were identified close to urban areas. Principal component analysis and solid-liquid distribution coefficients revealed that long-chain PFASs accumulated in the sediment whereas short-chain PFASs remained in the water all along the river. PFASs were taken up by plants and remobilized to different plant compartments according to shoot concentration factors (SCFs), root concentration factors (RCF), and transfer factors (TFs). Among the four plant species studied, floating plants absorbed high levels of PFASs, while rooted species translocated short-chain PFASs from the roots to the shoots. Therefore, floating species, due to their high uptake capacity and large proliferation rate, could eventually be used for phytoremediation. ; Pere Colomer Vidal acknowledges the funding from the European Union Europe Aid 'SEW-REAP' project [ECRIP ICI+/2014/348–010]. The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the grant PID2019–105732GB-C21 and the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program (2017BT01Z134) provided financial support. Dr. Chunling Luo would like to thank the support from the Ten Thousand Talent Program of the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC. This work was carried out at the facilities of the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry. ; Peer reviewed