Suchergebnisse

The EU plant health legislation enforces the implementation of intensive surveillance programs for Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) as a quarantine pathogen (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1201). After a Xf outbreak, delimiting surveys must be implemented to delineate the extent of the pathogen and to execute disease control. The surveillance efficacy can be enhanced by increasing inspection and sampling intensities. Budget constraints often limit survey efforts, thus making it necessary the optimization of surveillance strategies. A sequential adaptive delimiting survey involving a three-phase and a two-phase design with increasing spatial resolution was simulated for the Xf demarcated area in Alicante, Spain. Based on the official survey data of 2018, inspection and sampling intensities were estimated using an optimization algorithm specified under the sequential adaptive delimiting strategy. The sampling intensity thresholds estimated were evaluated by quantifying their effect on the estimation of Xf incidence. This strategy made it possible to sequence inspection and sampling considering increasing spatial resolutions, and to adapt the inspection and sampling intensities according to the information obtained in the previous, coarser, spatial resolution. Our results show that sequencing and adapting inspection and sampling to increasing spatial resolutions allows accurate delimitation of the infested zone while reducing the overall survey efforts, thus improving the efficiency of the surveillance program. From a methodological perspective, our approach provides new insights into alternative delimiting designs and new reference sampling intensity values. Pre-print published at: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.05.978668v2 ; ES; PPT; lazaro_ele@gva.es

Cuando las experiencias sociales no se corresponden con las expectativas, es decir, cuando la regulación social dista de la esperada emancipación social, se descubre que determinados colectivos vinculan sus luchas sociales a la consecución de unos derechos subjetivamente usurpados. Para ello constituyen espacios múltiples en los cuales se ponen en común las problemáticas y se comienza, por ende, a visibilizar sus posibles soluciones. En esta línea, vislumbramos la forma en que estos espacios de socialización terminan por re-definirse en espacios de acción colectiva. Teniendo esto en cuenta, en el presente artículo presentamos el resultado de una investigación etnográfica comparativa de dos movimientos sociales con manifiestas diferencias simbólicas, políticas, culturales y sociales, pero que confluyen en un eje vertebrador común: el derecho a una vivienda digna. Estos son, por una parte, el movimiento de okupación y, por otra, la lucha antidesahucios, materializada en la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH). Ambos desarrollan prácticas culturales similares en los distintos espacios de socialización a través de sus respectivos repertorios y espacios de acción colectiva. Tras un análisis desde la antropología implicada, se concluye que estos espacios, ya sean físicos —centros sociales, bares, plazas, etc.— o simbólicos —manifestaciones, concentraciones, fiestas, etc.—, sirven para reconfigurar y reforzar las identidades personales y colectivas a través de la puesta en común de prácticas y experiencias reivindicativas.

The EU plant health legislation enforces the implementation of intensive surveillance programs for quarantine pests. After an outbreak, surveys are implemented to delimit the extent of the infested zone and to manage disease control. Surveillance in agricultural and natural environments can be enhanced by increasing the survey efforts. Budget constraints often limit inspection and sampling intensities, thus making it necessary to adapt and optimize surveillance strategies. A sequential adaptive delimiting survey involving a three-phase and a two-phase design with increasing spatial resolution was developed and implemented for the Xylella fastidiosa demarcated area in Alicante, Spain. Inspection and sampling intensities were optimized using simulation-based methods. Sampling intensity thresholds were evaluated by quantifying their effect on the estimation of X. fastidiosa incidence. This strategy made it possible to sequence inspection and sampling taking into account increasing spatial resolutions, and to adapt the inspection and sampling intensities according to the information obtained in the previous, coarser, spatial resolution. The proposed strategy was able to efficiently delimit the extent of Xylella fastidiosa, while improving on the efficiency and maintaining the efficacy of the official survey campaign. From a methodological perspective, our approach provides new insights into alternative delimiting designs and new reference sampling intensity values

14 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables.-- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) ; The protection of fish nurseries has been recognized as a useful tool to efficiently manage fisheries given that protected areas enhance the recruitment of target species. To identify and locate potential nursery areas, a solid understanding of species-environment relationships and their spatio-temporal dynamics is needed. Within this context, in this study we assess where European hake (Merluccius merluccius) recruits persistently aggregate in the northern continental shelf of the Iberian Peninsula. Hake recruit data collected during scientific trawl surveys between 2005 and 2016 were analyzed using Bayesian hurdle hierarchical spatio-temporal models, considering the environmental variables bathymetry, sea bottom temperature and salinity. Additionally, three different spatio-temporal structures (i.e., persistent, progressive, or opportunistic) were compared to assess the temporal persistence of nurseries over time. Among all the environmental variables analyzed, bathymetry was the most important. The preferential habitat of recruits was found to be within a bathymetric range of 120–200 m. Our findings clearly show that there is a temporally persistent main nursery located along the continental shelf of the Artabrian gulf (off La Coruña) in addition to several areas with high aggregations of hake recruits but with strong inter-annual variability. We argue that the analytical framework applied in this study allowed us to identify European hake nurseries in the northern continental shelf of the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their spatio-temporal fluctuations throughout the study period (2005–2016), and to assess which environmental factors, among bathymetry, sea bottom temperature and salinity, influence the occurrence and abundance of recruits in the study area. Results of our models also produce a new abundance index that could be useful for improving traditional stock assessment models ; DEMERSALES surveys were co-funded by the EU within the Spanish national program for the collection, management, and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy. This study was a contribution to the project IMPRESS (RTI2018-099868-B-I00), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities—State Research Agency ; Peer reviewed