Suchergebnisse

One of the most important aspects of policymaking in any political system is the pre‐decision stage at which a potentially wide range of concerns and preferences are fashioned into some actionable list of proposals or a recognizable hierarchy of priorities. As well as indicating which concerns may dominate the thinking of officials who will later take formal decisions, it is at this early stage of policy development that non‐government elites and other key actors may succeed or fail in their attempts to exercise significant power and influence (Schattschneider 1960; Downs 1972; Lukes 1974).

Little is known about the impact of recent cost‐cutting measures on
organization structure. Identifies a new type of reorganization in major
service delivery organizations. The Strategic Core Reorganization (SCR)
is being used in several Australian bureaucracies. Provides a case
study, model and research hypothesis concerning the impact of SCR.

Previous studies of the impact of gender upon legislatures have shown conflicting findings regarding the backgrounds, qualifications and types of men and women serving as legislators. Women appear to have narrowed the gap in terms of some of these background variables but still face significant obstacles. This study examines the impact of major institutional factors upon the roles of men and women. Survey and interview methodology compare two important aspects of institutionalization: The U.S. type legislature is compared with a major parliamentary system (Australia), and professionalized legislators are compared with the non‐professionalized. The study finds that women have achieved parity with men in regard to education and employment history, regardless of the type of system. However, there are significant differences in incumbency, with women being relatively recent entrants into the Australian system. Moreover, women in Australian parliaments encounter more problems regarding child‐care and marital responsibilities than their U.S. counterparts.