Suchergebnisse

In this paper we propose to present the place of the presumption of innocence in the Romanian constitutional landscape and to show that it can be delimited by the notoriety of criminal law.In order to achieve our objective, we briefly presented the situations that can contribute to the definition of the presumption of innocence. Even if the presumption of innocence coexists only in the relationship of "collaboration" with the accused or the defendant, it bears nuances specific to human rights, equity, the rule of law and even the legislative policy of the state.In this sense, the specific discussions will start from the provisions of art. 16 para. (1) and (2) of the Constitution in conjunction with those of art. 23 para. (8) and (11) and from the provisions of art. 4 para. (1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure in order to establish the normative content of the "presumption of innocence".From a simple benefit to the complexity of legal protection is only one step because the presumption of innocence constitutes a fundamental human right through its implications on individual freedom, a fact recognized at the level of the Fundamental Law.Finally, deepening the principle of "presumption of innocence" throughout this article, we believe that it will be natural to conclude that this is a principle of constitutional rank.

AbstractAn instrument that political parties use to inform the electorate with regard to their policy preference (including preference towards the environment) is the electoral manifest. This paper analyses some important drivers that push political parties towards adopting pro-environmental attitudes by analysing the content included in their electoral manifestos (using the Comparative Manifesto Dataset). As explanatory factors we consider various socio-economic, ideological and international related variables, but our main focus is on environmental related determinants. We proceed as such because the paper aims to test the validity of 'the ecological approach' given that the current literature overlooks this issue or doesn't succeed in providing strong evidence of its existence. Our dataset covers 49 countries worldwide and a total of 190 national electoral years, occurring between 2000 and 2015. The resulting evidence, which might confirm the validity of 'the ecological approach', is rather weak, but there is nonetheless strong evidence to prove the existence of an opportunistic behaviour of the political parties (confirming the validity of the 'opportunistic political cycle').

Our study aims to quantitatively assess some of the determinants of shadow banking dynamics in 11 European Union (E.U.) countries from Central and Eastern Europe (C.E.E.) over the period 2004–2017. Using panel data estimation techniques and a quarterly data set compiled from several publicly available data sources, we alternatively evaluate the impact of six macroeconomic and financial variables on two dependent variables corresponding to two different measures of the shadow banking sector, namely the broad one (including all non-monetary financial institutions, except insurance corporations and pension funds) and the narrow one (excluding from the above one the investment funds, other than money market funds [M.M.F.]). Our findings confirm that shadow banking is sensitive to overall macroeconomic conditions and that economic growth positively influences the expansion of this segment of the financial sector. In addition, a higher demand for funds from institutional investors, which also reveals a more developed financial system, supports the expansion of the shadow banking sector. Moreover, in a low interest rate environment, the search for yield makes investors turn to shadow banks, while the development of the shadow banking sector is also found to be complementary to the development of the rest of the financial system, in particular, traditional banks.

Drawing on the data from an online survey and a focus group, the article explores the public participation of
citizens with a focus on participatory planning processes. The exploratory research tackles participatory initiatives and
interactions between citizens, public administration, and professionals that aim to improve the well-being of citizens in their
cities of residence. The research employed a theoretical view of collaborative public participation, one that is not, however,
confined to a dualistic approach, but one in which the citizens value the existence of intermediary actors or structures to
guide public participation. Moreover, adversarial potential in participatory planning processes is not excluded, especially
as participation involves a diverse network of actors. In the context of a significant consensus regarding the importance of
citizen participation in all stages of decision making, the article shows that there is, however, a low level of information
regarding participatory planning processes.

In addition to the involvement of public administration (PA) as a catalyst for economic development, today we are witnessing the need to enhance innovation in PA itself, with a commitment to maximizing efficiency, effectiveness, performance, and to improve quality of public service. In PA, the emerging theory of innovation represents a combined effort between conventional organizational innovation tools such as strategic planning and modern ones such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and e-governance. With regard to this challenging situation, this paper seeks to present a substantial literature concerning the theory of innovation, New Public Management (NPM), ICT, and e-governance. Furthermore, using a qualitative approach based on centered semi-structured interviews, this article illustrates the current activities conducted by the Lebanese government, specifically the Office of Ministry of State for Administrative Reform (OMSAR), compared by data gathered from platforms and databases from Romanian PA such as Ministry of Communication and Information Society, OECD, DESI index, and Eurostat on ICT and e-governance at European level. The paper results reveal the significant effect of innovation in Romanian PA paving the road toward facing the challenge to achieve its digital 2020 agenda and contributing to transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, community participation, and development of public service. However, Lebanese PA should join and shake hands to strengthen the adoption of innovation in its public corridors and should cross the notion of "still born" application of ICT to a fruitful implementation contributing to strategic innovation in public services and improved PA efficiency and performance.

The EU has always been at the forefront of tackling environmental issues. This paper responds to the EU?s "call for action? towards addressing the issue of climate change – a key priority for the European Commission in the 2030 policy perspective. The topic is addressed through a focus group that seeks to identify and disseminate possible approaches through which the EU can leverage its international "actorness? in negotiating a straightforward and binding global agreement for action in climate change mitigation. The focus group involves a sample of students, beneficiaries of an environmentally focused Jean Monnet teaching module (TAG-EU). The diverse academic background of the students (coming from social, natural and exact sciences) provides a unique point of view in tackling this ardent issue and can bring valuable and interdisciplinary contributions to the discussion on climate change action.

Gender equality, enshrined in European treaties, is one of the fundamental values of the European Union. It is a focal point in today's value systems as well as national, sectorial and organizational policies, and it is also a recurrent theme thoroughly used also represent the focus of our investigation of 'gender balance'. In this paper we look atthe Romanian HEIs to determine the level of gender balance in Romanian HEIs in general, and then we concentrate our attention on the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași (UAIC) as a representative case study for the Romanian HEIs. Finally, we highlight the role that research and development projects may play in promoting gender balance at UAIC. In this regard, the paper employs a multi method approach based on quantitative analyses and interviews. The results reveal that women are well represented in academic and research positions both within the Romanian HEIs and in the UACI, with two exceptions: full professor rankand RD project manager, these being dominated, in general, by men. ; Gender equality, enshrined in European treaties, is one of the fundamental values of the European Union. It is a focal point in today's value systems as well as national, sectorial and organizational policies, and it is also a recurrent theme thoroughly used in current parenting and education strategies. Given that higher education institutions (HEIs) and research centers are considered, in general, to be entities that lead the way in many aspects of our lives, they also represent the focus of our investigation of 'gender balance'. In this paper we look at the Romanian HEIs to determine the level of gender balance in Romanian HEIs in general, and then we concentrate our attention on the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași (UAIC) as a representative case study for the Romanian HEIs. Finally, we highlight the role that research and development projects may play in promoting gender balance at UAIC. In this regard, the paper employs a multi method approach based on quantitative analyses and interviews. The results reveal that women are well represented in academic and research positions both within the Romanian HEIs and in the UACI with two exceptions: full professor rankand RD project manager, these being dominated, in general, by men.

Cet article explore, de manière comparative, l'état d'avancement de la transformation numérique de l'administration publique dans les États membres de l'UE. À l'aide d'une boîte à outils méthodologique spécifique qui combine analyse stratégique et statistique pour chaque État membre de l'UE, cet article évalue les investissements réalisés dans la numérisation des services publics, l'utilisation de la large bande, l'accès aux services publics numériques, le nombre d'utilisateurs de l'administration en ligne, le niveau des services publics numériques pour les citoyens et les entreprises, ainsi que les données ouvertes. Dans notre analyse, nous soutiendrons que les lacunes et les divergences dans le domaine de la numérisation de l'administration publique, en corrélation avec les indicateurs suivis dans l'indice de l'économie et de la société numériques, ont conditionné les États membres de l'UE à concevoir des actions, des mesures et des investissements spécifiques liés au contexte national. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Les lacunes et les divergences concernant la numérisation de l'administration publique sont analysées et évaluées par rapport à l'état d'avancement de la transformation numérique de l'administration publique dans les États membres de l'UE, en corrélation avec les objectifs et le financement alloués au pilier « numérisation » du PNRR. Le fossé de la numérisation est mesuré en identifiant et en évaluant des indicateurs quantifiables. Des évaluations concernant le pilier de la transformation numérique de l'administration publique aux niveaux national et régional sont disponibles, ce qui permet d'effectuer des analyses comparatives.

This article explores, in a comparative manner, the state-of-play of digital transformation of public administration in EU Member States. Using a specific methodological toolkit that combines policy and statistical analysis for each EU Member State, this article evaluates the investments in the digitalization of public services, the use of broadband, the access to digital public services, the number of e-government users, the level of digital public services for citizens and businesses and open data. In our analysis, we will argue that the gaps and discrepancies in the field of digitalization of public administration, correlated with the indicators monitored in the Digital Economy and Society Index, have conditioned the EU Member States to design specific actions, measures and investments related to the national context. Points for practitioners The gaps and discrepancies concerning the digitalization of public administration are analyzed and evaluated in relation to the state-of-play of digital transformation of public administration in EU Member States, correlated with the objectives and funding allocated to the digitalization pillar of the NRRP. The digitalization gap is measured by identifying and evaluating quantifiable indicators. Evaluations regarding the pillar of the digital transformation of public administration at national and regional levels are available, allowing comparative analyses to be carried out.

Lately, we face many challenges that threaten the well-being of society and the quality of life. All of these challenges are complex and closely related, which means that one approach can have positive consequences for others. In this context, population growth, an extremely delicate subject, from a social and ethical point of view has generally become a threat to the entire planet, and in particular, to urban agglomerations. At the global level, population growth puts even greater pressure on basic resources, from fresh water to fertile land, endangering the very existence of humanity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the population trend globally, as compared to the population trend in the big urban agglomerations, as well as the evolution of some indicators of the quality of life depending on the population growth. Following the analysis, we aim to identify various challenges and develop proposals for the sustainable development of urban space.

Changes in the labor market are due to changes in production processes. Automation and globalization lead to the need to update the skills of the workforce. Finding and accessing jobs is all the easier as people have a high level of education. In a globalized economy, maintaining a high level of competitiveness is a major challenge. Vocational education and training systems can provide the skills, knowledge and competencies needed for new jobs. Vocational education and training programs are thus solutions by which the lack of skills or skills gaps can be filled. For the period 2000-2020, the article presents the comparative situation of the share of the adult population with tertiary education attainment. Their participation in lifelong education and training programs is very important. The comparative situation of participation rate in education and training is also analyzed. The labor market can influence the areas that high school graduates can pursue in higher education. Thus, the article presents the distribution of tertiary education graduates according to field of education.