'Wriggle and Roar' –An Innovative Approach to Meeting the Communication Needs of Looked after Children under Five
In: Adoption & fostering: quarterly journal, Band 36, Heft 2, S. 89-91
ISSN: 1740-469X
7 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Adoption & fostering: quarterly journal, Band 36, Heft 2, S. 89-91
ISSN: 1740-469X
In: Personal relationships, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 666-678
ISSN: 1475-6811
AbstractHeterosexual age preferences have been extensively studied by evolutionary psychologists, social psychologists, and demographers. Much less is known about such preferences in homosexual men and women. Around two decades ago, D. T. Kenrick, R. C. Keefe, A. Bryan, A. Barr, and S. Brown (1995) examined heterosexual and homosexual mating preferences for age in men and women. Our study aimed to replicate these findings by examining age preferences in a larger UK online dating sample. Dating advertisements of 996 male and female heterosexuals and homosexuals were coded. Age preferences were assessed via generalized linear models with robust standard errors and bootstrapping. Results showed that the relation between own age and preferred age differed substantially between the groups. With increasing age, heterosexual men preferred younger partners. Older heterosexual men (> 50 years) exclusively sought (much) younger women than themselves, whereas younger heterosexual men sought both older and younger women. Male and female homosexuals followed this general trend of preferring increasingly younger mates with increasing age. However, they displayed a higher upper age tolerance and greater range of acceptable ages than both heterosexual men and women. Female heterosexuals' age preferences were distinct from the other groups, in that they displayed a male older norm with no substantial interest expressed in males younger than themselves. Our findings thus largely corroborate those of Kenrick et al. with some exceptions, such as a larger tolerance of age ranges in homosexual men and women compared to heterosexual men and women. Results are discussed with reference to the current literature on similarities and differences in heterosexual and homosexual mate preferences.
Pathogens, and antipathogen behavioral strategies, affect myriad aspects of human behavior. Recent findings suggest that antipathogen strategies relate to political attitudes, with more ideologically conservative individuals reporting more disgust toward pathogen cues, and with higher parasite stress nations being, on average, more conservative. However, no research has yet adjudicated between two theoretical accounts proposed to explain these relationships between pathogens and politics. We find that national parasite stress and individual disgust sensitivity relate more strongly to adherence to traditional norms than they relate to support for barriers between social groups. These results suggest that the relationship between pathogens and politics reflects intragroup motivations more than intergroup motivations.
BASE
In: Tybur , J M , Inbar , Y , Aarøe , L , Barclay , P , Barlowe , F K , De Barra , M , Beckerh , D V , Borovoi , L , Choi , I , Choik , J A , Consedine , N S , Conway , A , Conway , J R , Conway , P , Adoric , V C , Demirci , D E , Fernández , A M , Ferreirat , D C S , Ishii , K , Jakšic , I , Ji , T , Van Leeuwen , F , Lewis , D M G , Li , N P , McIntyre , J C , Mukherjee , S , Park , J H , Pawlowski , B , Petersen , M B , Pizarro , D , Prodromitis , G , Prokop , P , Rantala , M J , Reynolds , L M , Sandin , B , Sevi , B , De Smet , D , Srinivasan , N , Tewari , S , Wilson , C , Yong , J C & Žezelj , I 2016 , ' Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 113 , no. 44 , pp. 12408-12413 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607398113
People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogenneutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup account, holds that these same relationships are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups, who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members. Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the intragroup account than with the intergroup account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (SDO; an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to SDO within the 30 nations.
BASE
In: Tybur, Joshua M., Inbar, Yoel, Aaroe, Lene orcid:0000-0003-4551-3750 , Barclay, Pat, Barlow, Fiona Kate orcid:0000-0001-9533-1256 , de Barra, Micheal, Becker, D. Vaughn, Borovoi, Leah, Choi, Incheol, Choi, Jong An, Consedine, Nathan S. orcid:0000-0002-7691-0938 , Conway, Alan, Conway, Jane Rebecca, Conway, Paul, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Demirci, Dilara Ekin, Maria Fernandez, Ana, Ferreira, Diogo Conque Seco, Ishii, Keiko, Jaksic, Ivana, Ji, Tingting, van Leeuwen, Florian orcid:0000-0002-9694-8300 , Lewis, David M. G., Li, Norman P., McIntyre, Jason C., Mukherjee, Sumitava orcid:0000-0002-8445-0492 , Park, Justin H., Pawlowski, Boguslaw orcid:0000-0002-7418-475X , Petersen, Michael Bang orcid:0000-0002-6782-5635 , Pizarro, David, Prodromitis, Gerasimos, Prokop, Pavol orcid:0000-0003-2016-7468 , Rantala, Markus J., Reynolds, Lisa M., Sandin, Bonifacio orcid:0000-0001-7206-6410 , Sevi, Baris orcid:0000-0001-9663-4339 , De Smet, Delphine, Srinivasan, Narayanan orcid:0000-0001-5342-0381 , Tewari, Shruti, Wilson, Cameron, Yong, Jose C. and Zezelj, Iris orcid:0000-0002-9527-1406 (2016). Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 113 (44). S. 12408 - 12414. WASHINGTON: NATL ACAD SCIENCES. ISSN 0027-8424
People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for these relationships. The first, which is an intragroup account, holds that these relationships between pathogens and politics are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogenneutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup account, holds that these same relationships are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups, who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members. Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the intragroup account than with the intergroup account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (SDO; an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to SDO within the 30 nations.
BASE
In: Tybur , J M , Inbar , Y , Aarøe , L , Barclay , P , Barlow , F K , de Barra , M , Becker , D V , Borovoi , L , Choi , I , Choi , J A , Consedine , N S , Conway , A , Conway , J R , Conway , P , Cubela Adoric , V , Demirci , E , Fernández , A M , Ferreira , D C S , Ishii , K , Jakšić , I , Ji , T , Van Leeuwen , F , Lewis , D M G , Li , N P , McIntyre , J C , Mukherjee , S , Park , J H , Pawlowski , B , Petersen , M B , Pizarro , D , Prodromitis , G , Prokop , P , Rantala , M J , Reynolds , L M , Sandin , B , Sevir , B , de Smet , D , Srinivasan , N , Tewari , S , Wilson , C , Yong , J C & Žeželj , I 2016 , ' Parasite stress and pathogen avoidance relate to distinct dimensions of political ideology across 30 nations ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 113 , pp. 12408-12413 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607398113
People who are more avoidant of pathogens are more politically conservative, as are nations with greater parasite stress. In the current research, we test two prominent hypotheses that have been proposed as explanations for the relationship between pathogens and politics. The first, which is an intragroup, traditional norms account, holds that these relationships are based on motivations to adhere to local norms, which are sometimes shaped by cultural evolution to have pathogen neutralizing properties. The second, which is an intergroup, outgroup-avoidance account, holds that relationships between pathogen avoidance and ideology are based on motivations to avoid contact with outgroups (who might pose greater infectious disease threats than ingroup members). Results from a study surveying 11,501 participants across 30 nations are more consistent with the traditional norms account than with the outgroup-avoidance account. National parasite stress relates to traditionalism (an aspect of conservatism especially related to adherence to group norms) but not to social dominance orientation (an aspect of conservatism especially related to endorsements of intergroup barriers and negativity toward ethnic and racial outgroups). Further, individual differences in pathogen-avoidance motives (i.e., disgust sensitivity) relate more strongly to traditionalism than to social dominance orientation within the 30 nations.
BASE
Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated selfreported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
BASE