Suchergebnisse

In this paper we are concerned with the measurement of aspects of population distribution, or settlement patterns, and the use of these measures in public-policy contexts in particular. More specifically, we query the adequacy of the population-density indicator, which is widely used in statistical formulae such as those by which the British government allocates funding to English local authorities. Our approach is to work through a series of topics, starting with an introductory discussion of the ideas raised by analyses of population distribution, and followed by a section on issues involved in the measurement of settlement patterns. In the third section, we outline the types of public-policy concern which call for statistical indicators of settlement patterns, and then present a set of guidelines for measurements which will be of value in the specific context of British local-government finance-allocation systems. In the next three sections, these guidelines are used to assess the appropriateness of settlement-pattern indicators which are already in use in such systems, in each case moving on to outline an alternative form of measurement designed in the light of weaknesses of current indicators. In the penultimate section, we provide an empirical assessment of the new measures developed here, then in the final section we briefly review the appropriateness of the approach that has been adopted.

"In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob die in den letzten Jahren in ländlichen Gebieten Englands eingetroffenen Immigranten längere Strecken zu ihrem Arbeitsplatz zurücklegen als Personen, die seit längerem an diesen Orten ansässig sind, und ob die Entfernung zum Arbeitsplatz je nach der Art der Umsiedelung und des geografischen Kontexts der Heimat unterschiedlich ausfällt. Die Studie basiert auf Daten des Individual Controlled Access Microdata Sample (CAMS) aus der Volkszählung von 2001. Wir stellen fest, dass die in den letzten Jahren eingetroffenen Immigranten viel häufiger Strecken von mindestens 20 km zum Arbeitsplatz zurücklegen als seit längerem ansässige Personen. Zur Berücksichtigung der soziodemografischen Unterschiede zwischen den Personen wenden wir eine binäre logistische Regression an und weisen nach, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit längerer Anfahrten zum Arbeitsplatz unter Personen, die von ihrer Heimat aus an einen zwischen 15 und 99 km entfernten Ort umgezogen sind, sowie unter Personen, die aus den größten Städten umgezogen sind, am höchsten ausfällt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

This paper examines whether recent in-migrants to rural settlements in England commute further to work than the longer-term residents of these places and whether commuting distance differs according to the type of move and the geographical context of their home. The study is based on data from the Controlled Access Microdata Sample (CAMS) of the 2001 Census of Population. It is found that recent in-migrants are much more likely to commute at least 20km than are the longer-term residents. Using binary logistic regression so as to allow for socio-demographic differences between people, it is shown that the likelihood of longer distance commuting was highest for people who had moved home by between 15 and 99km and for people moving from the largest cities.