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Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Introduction to the Transaction Edition -- Foreword -- Chapter 1. The Unbelievable Future -- Chapter 2. Man's Nature and Human History -- Chapter 3. Biological Remembrance of Things Past -- Chapter 4. The Living Experience -- Chapter 5. The Pursuit of Significance -- Chapter 6. The Science of Humanity -- Reference Notes -- Index

California was the first state to legislate a Safe Routes to School (SR2S) program under Assembly Bill AB 1475 (1999). SR2S funds construction projects that make it safer for children to walk/bicycle to school and encourage a greater number of children to choose these modes of travel for the school commute. The main goal of this project was to assess the long-term impact of program-funded engineering modifications on walking/bicycling levels and on safety. Evaluation of improvements was determined using a targeted method of determining the countermeasures to result in safety and mode shift. Major results indicate that safety of pedestrians increased within 250 feet of an infrastructure improvement, such as a sidewalk. There was also evidence of mode shift near improvements, as well. Positive results for safety and mobility, as well as improved data collection for funded programs, should make Safe Routes to School programs competitive among other transportation needs.

In the last decade, there has been an increased focus in California on encouraging children to walk and bicycle to school safely. In 1999, the California Legislature created the Safe Routes to School (SR2S) program, authorizing issuance of a competitive grant process for roadway construction projects. There has been an overall decline in the numbers of child pedestrian/bicyclist collisions in California as a whole. When compared with the control areas, the SR2S project areas did not show a greater decline in numbers of collisions. However, it is likely that the number of children walking/bicycling in the SR2S project areas increased over the relevant time frame. When changes in mobility in the program areas are taken into account, the SR2S program appears to be associated with a net safety benefit for affected school age students.

OBJECTIVE: Each year, more than 30,000 deaths occur on U.S. roads. Recognizing the magnitude and persistence of this public health problem, a number of U.S. cities have adopted a relatively new approach to prevention, termed Vision Zero (VZ). VZ has been adopted by more than 30 U.S. cities and calls for creating a transportation system that ensures no road traffic crash results in death or serious injury. A core component of VZ is strong multi-disciplinary and multi-sector stakeholder engagement, and cities adopting VZ often establish a VZ coalition to foster stakeholder collaboration. However, there is little information on the structure, development, and functioning of coalitions working to achieve VZ and on tools available to study and evaluate such coalition functioning. We sought to describe the characteristics of prominent U.S. VZ city coalitions and context surrounding VZ uptake and advancement in these cities. Moreover, we demonstrate use of network analysis as one tool for exploring the structure of inter-organizational relationships in coalitions. METHODS: We conducted case studies of four prominent U.S. VZ city coalitions in 2017–2018. We summarized coalition members' characteristics and responses to questions about their cities' VZ adoption, planning, and implementation. We asked each coalition member to provide information on their contact frequency, perceived productivity, and resource sharing with every other coalition member in their city and used network analysis techniques in two cities to understand the structures and relationships in coalitions. RESULTS: Findings indicated that government agencies generally constituted the majority of coalition members and often played central roles in terms of coalition network contact, productivity, and resource flow. Other emerging similarities regarding coalition establishment and VZ implementation included the need for political support, the importance of formal plan development, and increased collaboration and cooperation among partners. CONCLUSIONS: ...