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This article examines the role that labor has played and can play in transitional societies, that is, in societies moving away from endemic violent conflict and/or authoritarian rule, and toward ostensibly democratic political norms. Specifically, it looks at the position of labor in Northern Ireland, Poland, and South Africa before and after the "double transition," that is, the transition not only toward a fuller democratic dispensation, but also toward neoliberal socioeconomic structures. The aims of the article are, first, to question the compatibility of democracy with neoliberal capitalism and, second, to describe how the stratification of labor established by international capitalism has profoundly shaped the social context in which the organized working class acts to advance its goals. The article concludes by making some suggestions relevant to strategies appropriate to the struggle to make labor a united and leading force for social progress.

"The Oxford Handbook of Economic Imperialism examines unequal commercial, trade, and investment gains at the international level and explores how countries and nations can have exploitative relations. The book contains thirty-four chapters written by academics and experts in the field of international political economy. The chapters in the Handbook look at the history of economic imperialism from the early modern age to the present. They demonstrate the persistence of economic imperialism in today's postcolonial world and the enduring control wielded by great powers even after the end of formal empire. The book reveals how emerging powers are expanding economic control in new geographic and geopolitical contexts. The Handbook highlights the significance of economic imperialism in the structures, relations, processes, and ideas that help sustain poverty and conflict worldwide."

In this article, we aim to demonstrate that the low prices of goods produced in the global South and the attendant modest contribution of its exports to the Gross Domestic Product of the North conceals the real dependence of the latter's economies on low-waged Southern labor. We argue that the relocation of industry to the global South in the past three decades has resulted in a massive increase of transferred value to the North. The principal mechanisms for this transfer are the repatriation of surplus value by means of foreign direct investment, the unequal exchange of products embodying different quantities of value, and extortion through debt servicing.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-3" title="Vol. 67, No. 3: July 2015" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>

In this article, the authors aim to demonstrate that the low prices of goods produced in the global South and the attendant modest contribution of its exports to the Gross Domestic Product of the North conceals the real dependence of the latter's economies on low-waged Southern labor. They argue that the relocation of industry to the global South in the past three decades has resulted in a massive increase of transferred value to the North. The principal mechanisms for this transfer are the repatriation of surplus value by means of foreign direct investment, the unequal exchange of products embodying different quantities of value, and extortion through debt servicing. Today, however, an increasingly large proportion of the goods the world consumes are produced in the global South. Production is not, as in the 1970s, limited to primary and simple industrial goods like oil, minerals, coffee, and toys. Few analysts had foreseen the industrialization of the South as driven by trade with and investment by metropolitan capitalism. Adapted from the source document.