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International audience ; This paper has two goals. Its first goal is to conduct a review of the articulation of sex/gender concepts through the prism of evolutionary biology in the field of French feminist studies (for reasons of space, scientific relevance and accessibility to the non-specialist public). To this end, it also puts foward a definition of constructivism that is compatible with naturalism. Such a definition stands in keeping with the contemporary state of the general philosophy of science. The debate thus mapped out, the second objective of the paper is to take seriously the current diversity of concepts of sex in biology. It insists on the need for a conceptual clarification of the different levels involved, and suggests to do away with the homogeneizing terminology of sex. It argues that this terminology fosters confusion, and thus constitutes an unnecessary cognitive cost. This cognitive cost is linked to a social cost. Indeed, this conceptual vagueness also favours the naturalization of unequal social behaviour in the public sphere, based on a scientifically dubious understanding of nature. The constructivist approach therefore does not amount to denying the empirical constraint of nature. It proposes to identify the circulation of representations between society in general and science in particular, in order to provide reflexive and scientific analytical tools to address the ethical, political and epistemic issues involved in this circulation. ; L'article poursuit un double objectif. D'une part, il propose une revue de l'articulation des concepts de genre et de sexe au prisme de la biologie de l'évolution dans le champ des études féministes francophones (cette délimitation tenant à la fois à des raisons de place, de pertinence scientifique et d'accessibilité au public non spécialiste). A cette fin, il propose également une définition du concept de constructivisme qui soit compatible avec le naturalisme, s'inscrivant en cela dans l'état contemporain de la philosophie générale des sciences. Une ...

International audience ; This paper has two goals. Its first goal is to conduct a review of the articulation of sex/gender concepts through the prism of evolutionary biology in the field of French feminist studies (for reasons of space, scientific relevance and accessibility to the non-specialist public). To this end, it also puts foward a definition of constructivism that is compatible with naturalism. Such a definition stands in keeping with the contemporary state of the general philosophy of science. The debate thus mapped out, the second objective of the paper is to take seriously the current diversity of concepts of sex in biology. It insists on the need for a conceptual clarification of the different levels involved, and suggests to do away with the homogeneizing terminology of sex. It argues that this terminology fosters confusion, and thus constitutes an unnecessary cognitive cost. This cognitive cost is linked to a social cost. Indeed, this conceptual vagueness also favours the naturalization of unequal social behaviour in the public sphere, based on a scientifically dubious understanding of nature. The constructivist approach therefore does not amount to denying the empirical constraint of nature. It proposes to identify the circulation of representations between society in general and science in particular, in order to provide reflexive and scientific analytical tools to address the ethical, political and epistemic issues involved in this circulation. ; L'article poursuit un double objectif. D'une part, il propose une revue de l'articulation des concepts de genre et de sexe au prisme de la biologie de l'évolution dans le champ des études féministes francophones (cette délimitation tenant à la fois à des raisons de place, de pertinence scientifique et d'accessibilité au public non spécialiste). A cette fin, il propose également une définition du concept de constructivisme qui soit compatible avec le naturalisme, s'inscrivant en cela dans l'état contemporain de la philosophie générale des sciences. Une ...