Suchergebnisse

1. Conceptual issues in personality theory / Susan Cloninger -- 2. Personality psychology of situations / Seth A. Wagerman and David C. Funder -- 3. Personality : traits and situations / Jens B. Asendorpf -- 4. Personality and emotion / Rainer Reisenzein and Hannelore Weber -- 5. The characterization of persons : some fundamental conceptual issues / James T. Lamiell -- 6. The trait approach to personality / Ian J. Deary -- 7. Methods of personality assessment / Gregory J. Boyle and Edward Helmes -- 8. Structural models of personality / Boele de Raad -- 9. The five-factor model of personality traits : consensus and controversy / Robert R. McCrae -- 10. Personality and intelligence / Phillip L. Ackerman -- 11. Childhood temperament / Mary K. Rothbart, Brad E. Sheese and Elisabeth D. Conradt -- 12. The development of personality across the lifespan / M. Brent Donnellan and Richard W. Robins -- 13. Models of personality and health / Marko Elovainio and Mika Kivimäki -- 14. Attachment theory I : motivational, individual-differences and structural aspects / Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer -- 15. Attachment theory II : developmental, psychodynamic and optimal-functioning aspects / Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver -- 16. Evolutionary theories of personality / Aurelio José Figueredo, Paul Gladden, Geneva Vásquez, Pedro Sofio Abril Wolf and Daniel Nelson Jones -- 17. Animal models of personality and cross-species comparisons / Samuel D. Gosling and B. Austin Harley -- 18. Behavioural genetics : from variance to DNA / Marcus R. Munafò -- 19. Neuroimaging of personality / Turhan Canli -- 20. Personality neuroscience : explaining individual differences in affect, behaviour and cognition / Colin G. Deyoung and Jeremy R. Gray -- 21. The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality / Philip J. Corr -- 22. Semantic and linguistic aspects of personality / Gerard Saucier -- 23. Personality and performance : cognitive processes and models / Gerald Matthews -- 24. Self-regulation and control in personality functioning / Charles S. Carver and Michael E. Scheier -- 25. Self-determination theory : a consideration of human motivational universals / Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan -- 26. Traits and the self : toward an integration / Michael D. Robinson and Constantine Sedikides -- 27. Personality as a cognitive-affective processing system / Ronald E. Smith and Yuichi Shoda -- 28. The storied construction of personality / Avril Thorne and Vickie Nam -- 29. Personality and social relations / Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell, Jennifer M. Knack and Madeline Rex-Lear -- 30. Personality and social support processes / Rhonda Swickert -- 31. Social pain and hurt feelings / Geoff MacDonald -- 32. Personality in cross-cultural perspective / Juris G. Draguns -- 33. Culture and personality / Robert Bogan and Michael Harris Bond -- 34. Personality and politics / Gianvittorio Caprara and Michele Vecchione -- 35. Mood and anxiety disorders : the hierarchical structure of personality and psychopathology / David D. Vachon and R. Michael Bagby -- 36. Personality and psychosis / Gordon Claridge -- 37. Diagnosis and assessment of disorders of personality / Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt and Thomas A. Widiger -- 38. Psychopathy and its measurement / Robert D. Hare and Craig S. Neumann -- 39. Personality and eating disorders / Natalie J. Loxton and Sharon Dawe -- 40. Personality and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / Rapson Gomez -- 41. Personality in school psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 42. Personality in educational psychology / Moshe Zeidner -- 43. Personality at work / Giles St J. Burch and Neil Anderson -- 44. Workplace safety and personality / Alice F. Stuhlmacher, Andrea L. Briggs and Douglas F. Cellar -- 45. Personality and crime / David Canter and Donna Youngs -- 46. Treatment of personality disorders / Fiona Warren.

Behavioral immune system (BIS) describes psychological mechanisms that detect cues to infectious pathogens in the immediate environment, trigger disease-relevant responses and facilitate behavioral avoidance/escape. BIS activation elicits a perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) which can result in conformity with social norms. However, a response to superficial cues can result in aversive responses to people that pose no actual threat, leading to an aversion to unfamiliar others, and likelihood of prejudice. Pathogen-neutralizing behaviors, therefore, have implications for social interaction as well as illness behaviors and responses to health communications. In this study, we investigate how PVD influences conformity, attitudes to other people and to lockdown regulations through the lens of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). RST describes personality in terms of biologically-driven approach and avoidance motivations which support personal goals. Participants from the United Kingdom public (N = 605) completed an RST personality questionnaire and then read either (a) coronavirus morbidity-mortality statistics and current United Kingdom government lifestyle regulations, (b) just the regulations (as presented in most government publicity materials), or (c) no information at all. They all completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease scale to assess BIS-relevant Germ Aversion and Perceived Infectability, followed by questions measuring social conformity, warmth toward others and attitudes toward lockdown measures. Significantly lower PVD scores were observed in the no-information condition, with the other conditions showing no difference. In terms of RST, approach behaviors related to goal-drive persistence work alongside fear in explaining conformity to social norms. Reward related approach behaviors partially explained warmth toward others, indicating that social rewards gained through interaction continue to be strong drivers of behavior. We found no role for RST traits in attitudes toward ...

Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.