Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Contents -- Introductory Chapter: Berlin and Vancouver Research Workshops on Politically-Motivated Terrorism Risk/Threat Instruments and Related Policy Implementation Themes -- Part 1. Theory and Risk/Threat Assessment Instrument Policy Themes -- Rapid Societal Structural Changes and Shifts in Group-Based Individual Identities: Anti-State Terrorism Threat Profiles in North Atlantic Treaty Organization Member and Partner Countries -- Violent Extremism: The Practical Assessment and Management of Risk -- Updating and Organizing Our Knowledge of Risk and Protective Factors for Lone-Actor Terrorism -- Using Interviews and Psychological Tests in Studies of Independent Actors and Suicide Bombers -- The Format and FEAR Model as an Answer to New Radicalization Challenges -- Part 2. Selected NATO Member and Partner Country Implementation of Politically Motivated Terrorism Protocols -- The Use of Terrorism Risk Assessment Tools in Australia to Manage Residual Risk -- RooT37 - CUTA's TRA Tool in Response to a Changing Threat Landscape -- Early Prevention of Extremism Through Multi-Agency Use of the Model for Assessment for Concerns About Extremism (MACE) -- RADAR-iTE 2.0: An Instrument of the German State Protection - Structure, Development and Current Stage of Evaluation -- Jihadist Travelers and Terrorism Risk Assessment in the Netherlands -- Part 3. Personality Traits/Disorders, Anti-state Terrorism Profiles and DSM-5 Personality Based Instrument -- From Empirical Beginnings to Emerging Theory -- Advantages and Challenges Using Psychological Tests in the Assessment of Suicide Bombers and Lone Actors -- The Role of Psychological Assessment in Countering Violent Extremism.

Abstract. Space-time TIR anomalies, observed from months to weeks before earthquake occurrence, have been suggested by several authors as pre-seismic signals. Up to now, such a claimed connection of TIR emission with seismic activity has been considered with some caution by scientific community mainly for the insufficiency of the validation data-sets and the scarce importance attached by those authors to other causes (e.g. meteorological) that, rather than seismic activity, could be responsible for the observed TIR signal fluctuations. A robust satellite data analysis technique (RAT) has been recently proposed which, thanks to a well-founded definition of TIR anomaly, seems to be able to identify anomalous space-time TIR signal transients even in very variable observational (satellite view angle, land topography and coverage, etc.) and natural (e.g. meteorological) conditions. Its possible application to satellite TIR surveys in seismically active regions has been already tested in the case of several earthquakes (Irpinia: 23 November 1980, Athens: 7 September 1999, Izmit: 17 August 1999) of magnitude higher than 5.5 by using a validation/confutation approach, devoted to verify the presence/absence of anomalous space-time TIR transients in the presence/absence of seismic activity. In these cases, a magnitude threshold (generally M<5) was arbitrarily chosen in order to identify seismically unperturbed periods for confutation purposes. In this work, 9 medium-low magnitude (4<Mb<5.5) earthquakes which occurred in Greece and Turkey have been analyzed in order to verify if, even in these cases, anomalous TIR transients can be observed. The analysis, which was performed using 8 years of Meteosat TIR observations, demonstrated that anomalous TIR transients can be observed even in the presence of medium-low magnitude earthquakes (4<Mb<5.5). As far as the research (just started) of possible correlation among TIR anomalies and earthquake occurrence is concerned, such a result suggests that: a) in order to identify seismically unperturbed periods for confutation purposes, a magnitude threshold (at least) lower than 4 should be used; b) the proposed validation/confutation approach should be applied in low-seismicity areas in order to find suitably long seismically quiescent periods.

Abstract. Space-time fluctuations of Earth's emitted Thermal Infrared (TIR) radiation have been observed from satellite months to weeks before earthquakes occurrence. The general RST approach has been proposed in order to discriminate normal (i.e. related to the change of natural factor and/or observation conditions) TIR signal fluctuations from anomalous signal transient possibly associated to earthquake occurrence. In this work RST approach is applied to the Abruzzo 6 April 2009 event (ML=5.8) by using for the first time MSG-SEVIRI (Meteosat Second Generation -Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) thermal infrared observations. A validation/confutation analysis has been performed in order to verify the presence/absence of anomalous space-time TIR transients in the presence/absence of significant seismic activity. March–April 2009 has been analyzed for validation purposes. Relatively unperturbed periods (no earthquakes with ML≥5) have been taken for confutation. A specific TIR anomalies space-time persistence analysis as well as a cloud coverage distribution test have been introduced in order to eliminate artifacts and outliers both in the validation and confutation phases. Preliminary results show clear differences in TIR anomalies occurrence during the periods used for validation and confutation purposes. Quite clear TIR anomalies appear also to mark main tectonic lines related to the preparatory phases of others, low magnitude (ML~4) earthquakes, occurred in the area.