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Das "Recht zu Wissen" ist ein allgemein anerkannter Grundsatz der Menschenrechte, der im Völkerrecht verankert ist. In Japan leitet sich dieses Recht aus der dortigen Verfassung ab und war im Gesetz zur Offenlegung von Verwaltungsinformationen von 2001 festgeschrieben. Im Dezember 2013 hat das japanische Parlament jedoch ein Gesetz zum Schutz von Staatsgeheimnissen verabschiedet, das Empörung unter juristischen Fachleuten, der Presse und Menschenrechtsorganisationen verursacht hat, da der zentrale Begriff der geheim zu haltenden Information nicht mit der erforderlichen Präzision definiert ist, was die journalistische Arbeit behindert und die Freiheit der Presse gefährdet. Die zentrale Frage nach der richtigen Balance zwischen legitimen Staatsinteressen an der Geheimhaltung von Informationen und dem Recht der Öffentlichkeit auf Information ist für Japan noch nicht beantwortet. Der Beitrag versucht Teile einer Antwort zu formulieren.(Die Redaktion) ; The 'right to know' information is a well-established human rights principle protected under the umbrella of public international law. In Japan, this right stems from the Japanese constitution, and its provisions were enshrined in the Administrative Information Disclosure Law (AIDL) of 2001. However, in December 2013, the Japanese National Diet passed a Secrecy Bill which caused uproar among legal experts, the media and other civic and human rights organizations, mainly due to its failure to adequately define the concept of secret information, which may undermine and hamper journalistic activities and freedom of the press. The 'special gravitas' question of striking the right balance between the legitimacy of state secrets and the public's right to know still persists in Japan. This article attempts to answer some of these lingering questions and strives to find a solution.

Part 3: Security, Access Control and Legal Requirements in Cloud Systems ; International audience ; The advent of Cloud computing has created numerous significant challenges with regard to manipulation of data and especially personal data in cases of Clouds and federated Clouds. Existing legislation currently creates constraints and boundaries in the free usage of external Cloud providers. The aim of this paper is to provide a schema definition and usage mechanism (CPDS) that includes various levels of legal information that is necessary for automating the process of Cloud provider selection and data outsourcing. Thus the aforementioned constraints may be checked in an automated and machine understandable fashion and fully harvest the potential that is created by advances in Cloud computing like dynamic federation. In this direction, legal gaps and necessary actions are identified so that the automation avoids manual and bureaucratic steps that are necessary at the moment.