Suchergebnisse

En diciembre de 2017 Libia registró en la Organización Marítima Internacional una zona de salvamento y rescate (zona SAR), pensada, diseñada y financiada por la Unión Europea y sus Estados miembros. A partir de entonces, los guardacostas libios han pasado a coordinar casi en exclusiva todas las operaciones de salvamento de la ruta migratoria del Mediterráneo central, hoy por hoy una de las más letales del mundo. El presente trabajo cuestiona la validez de dicha zona tanto por la incapacidad material de la guardia costera libia para desarrollar la función de salvamento en su zona SAR, como por la imposibilidad de poder considerar a aquel Estado como «puerto seguro». Su creación y funcionamiento, de hecho, no son sino un reflejo más de la política de externalización de fronteras de la UE que, en este caso, tiene como consecuencia añadida la desvirtuación de un principio tan esencial y antiguo como es el deber de socorro en el mar, cuya única finalidad debería ser «salvar vidas».

The project "International cooperation as an essential means to combat trafficking and smuggling of human beings: the role of the EU and other international organizations" (CIMCETT) is financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government for the years 2017 to 2019. Its main interest lies in assessing international cooperation in the fight against the smuggling and trafficking of human beings from both legal and institutional perspectives.

AbstractBackgroundHIV incidence among women of reproductive age and vertical HIV transmission rates remain high in Latin America. We, therefore, quantified HIV care continuum barriers and outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) in Latin America.MethodsWLWH (aged ≥16 years) enrolling at Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet) sites from 2000 to 2017 who had HIV diagnosis, pregnancy and delivery dates contributed. Logistic regression produced adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for retention in care (≥2 visits ≥3 months apart) and virological suppression (viral load <200 copies/mL) 12 months after pregnancy outcome. Cumulative incidences of loss to follow‐up (LTFU) postpartum were estimated using Cox regression. Evidence of HIV status at pregnancy confirmation was the exposure. Covariates included pregnancy outcome (born alive vs. others); AIDS diagnosis prior to delivery; CD4, age, HIV‐1 RNA and cART regimen at first delivery and CCASAnet country.ResultsAmong 579 WLWH, median postpartum follow‐up was 4.34 years (IQR 1.91, 7.35); 459 (79%) were HIV‐diagnosed before pregnancy confirmation, 445 (77%) retained in care and 259 (45%) virologically suppressed at 12 months of postpartum. Cumulative incidence of LTFU was 21% by 12 months and 40% by five years postpartum. Those HIV‐diagnosed during pregnancy had lower odds of retention (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.97) and virological suppression (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.82) versus those HIV‐diagnosed before.ConclusionHIV diagnosis during pregnancy was associated with poorer 12‐month retention and virological suppression. Young women should be tested and linked to HIV care earlier to narrow these disparities.

This article presents the results of the project "Didactic and technological development in didactic scenarios for the training of teachers who embrace diversity". From a theoretical perspective of the universal design and from a political-ethical position of a mathematical education with everyone, the research provides an architecture as a research result to validate the didactic hypotheses that serve as the basis for the design of an environment and three virtual objects of learning. The didactic designs are validated in a training course for elementary school mathematics teachers, with instructional design for both face-to-face and online interactions. Architecture as a validation structure articulates the methodologies resulting from teaching experiments, design research, and communities of practice. The results focus on the validation of hypotheses about training of pre-service math teachers to accommodate the diversity of populations, accessible didactic designs, and methodologies for didactic validation in communities of practice ; Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto "Desarrollo didáctico y tecnológico en escenarios didácticos para la formación de profesores que acogen la diversidad". La investigación incorpora una perspectiva teórica del diseño universal y una posición ético-política de una educación matemática con todos. Se entrega como resultado de investigación una arquitectura para validar las hipótesis didácticas que fundamentan el diseño de un ambiente y tres objetos virtuales de aprendizaje. Los diseños didácticos son validados en un curso para formación de profesores de matemáticas de la educación básica, con diseño instruccional para la interacción cara a cara y en línea (virtual). La arquitectura como estructura de validación articula las metodologías provenientes de experimento de enseñanza, investigación en diseño y comunidades de práctica. Los resultados se centran en la validación de hipótesis sobre formación de profesores de matemáticas para acoger la diversidad de ...

IntroductionWe assessed trends in HIV Care Continuum outcomes associated with delayed disease progression and reduced transmission within a large Latin American cohort over a decade: clinical retention, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) use and viral suppression (VS).MethodsAdults from Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology clinical cohorts in seven countries contributed data between 2003 and 2012. Retention was defined as two or more HIV care visits annually, >90 days apart. cART was defined as prescription of three or more antiretroviral agents annually. VS was defined as HIV‐1 RNA <200 copies/mL at last measurement annually. cART and VS denominators were subjects with at least one visit annually. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to assess temporal trends and examine associations between age, sex, HIV transmission mode, cohort, calendar year and time in care.ResultsAmong 18,799 individuals in retention analyses, 14,380 in cART analyses and 13,330 in VS analyses, differences existed between those meeting indicator definitions versus those not by most characteristics. Retention, cART and VS significantly improved from 2003 to 2012 (63 to 77%, 74 to 91% and 53 to 82%, respectively; p<0.05, each). Female sex (risk ratio (RR)=0.97 vs. males) and injection drug use as HIV transmission mode (RR=0.83 vs. male sexual contact with males (MSM)) were significantly associated with lower retention, but unrelated with cART or VS. MSM (RR=0.96) significantly decreased the probability of cART compared with heterosexual transmission.ConclusionsHIV Care Continuum outcomes improved over time in Latin America, though disparities for vulnerable groups remain. Efforts must be made to increase retention, cART and VS, while engaging in additional research to sustain progress in these settings.