Suchergebnisse

The aim of this paper is to study the letters that the Emperor Hadrian sent to the neoi of Pergamum, one of which contains the complete text and is preserved in two copies, and another of which only fragments have come down to us and whose recipients I suggest here were the neoi. These letters allow us to gain further insights into the emperor's attitude towards the Greek gymnasiums and poleis. Hadrian strengthened the ties that Trajan had established with the Greek cities during the Parthian War, understanding that he could win over their living forces by supporting their gymnasiums. This was a step further in converting the civic oligarchies of the East into some of the most staunch supporters of imperial power. A number of individuals who acted as mediators were prime movers in the process of forging links between these cities and the emperor. With firm roots in their poleis, they were people who, due to some or other particular circumstance, had direct access to the emperor. One of the most outstanding was Aulus Julius Quadratus, the promoter of the second imperial cult temple at Pergamum. He also collaborated in the enlargement and adornment of the gymnasium of the neoi and was behind this association's links to the emperor. Another key figure was Polemo of Smyrna. After having convinced the emperor to build a splendid gymnasium at Smyrna, he also promoted its counterpart at Pergamum, where he settled at the end of his life. Through the gymnasiums, Hadrian and the Greek aristocrats discovered a sphere of fruitful social and political collaboration that allowed the emperor to make himself felt at the very heart of civic life. ; En este artículo me propongo estudiar las cartas que el emperador Adriano envió a los Neoi de Pérgamo, una de ellas con el texto completo y conservada en dos copias, la otra transmitida en un estado muy fragmentario y cuyo destinatario propongo identificar con los Neoi. Estas cartas permiten conocer las actitudes del emperador hacia el gimnasio griego y las poleis. Adriano fortaleció los lazos que Trajano, durante la Guerra Pártica, había establecido con las ciudades griegas. Adriano entendió que podía obtener la lealtad de las fuerzas vivas de aquellas ciudades apoyando sus gimnasios. Este era un paso más en la conversión de las oligarquías cívicas del Oriente en una firme base social del poder imperial. En este proceso de creación de lazos entre las ciudades y el emperador se revelan como actores principales algunos individuos que actuaron de mediadores. Arraigados en su ciudad y comprometidos con su prosperidad, eran personas que, por alguna circunstancia particular, tuvieron acceso directo al emperador. Destaca Aulo Julio Cuadrato. Fue el promotor del segundo templo de culto imperial de Pérgamo. Colaboró también en la ampliación y adorno del gimnasio de los Neoi e hizo posible la vinculación de esta asociación con el emperador. La otra figura clave es Polemón de Esmirna. Después de convencer al emperador para que construyera un espléndido gimnasio en Esmirna, favoreció también al gimnasio de Pérgamo, ciudad en la que se instaló al final de su vida. Adriano y aristócratas griegos encontraron en los gimnasios el ámbito de una fructífera colaboración social y política que permitió que el emperador se hiciera presente en el corazón mismo de la vida cívica.

This paper is concerned with the relationship between Greek culture and Roman politics. My aim is twofold. First, I want to challenge the traditional point of view that held a Roman Ruling Power and a Hellenic Civilizing Power. In my opinion, Greek paideia should be considered as a basic component of the alliances between the Roman oligarchy and the Greek civic elites and, as a result of that, as an essential political tool for the Roman Empire. On the other hand, the Roman politicians and the Greek civic aristocracies sparked a debate on the definition of this new Greek culture for the Roman empire. In the end, a paideia based on the classic tradition and on the civic life succeeded. ; Este artículo trata de la relación entre la cultura griega y la política romana. Mi propósito es doble. En primer lugar quiero poner en duda la opinión común que sostiene la existencia de un poder político romano frente a un poder civilizador de carácter griego. En mi opinión, la paideía debería ser considerada como un formante básico de la alianza entre la oligarquía romana y las elites cívicas griegas y, por lo tanto, como un instrumento fundamental del imperio romano. Por otro lado, los políticos romanos y las aristocracias griegas mantuvieron un debate sobre la definición de esta nueva cultura griega para el Imperio romano. Al final, se acabó imponiendo una paideía basada en la tradición clásica y en la vida cívica.

This book analyses the procedures, ideas and realities that allowed the people from the Greek East to become a part of the Roman Empire, while both preserving and redeveloping their cultural identity. The volume assesses this complex process both in the traditional Greek cities of the provinces of Achaea and Asia as well as in other areas that had been deeply hellenised for centuries, as the Near East. A common point of departure of the different essays is the notion that granting the Greeks a privileged position within the Roman Empire as a tribute to their civilisation was as possible an option as that of "barbarisation", i.e. the substitution of Greek cultural identity by the Roman one. Between the respect and conservation of political and cultural structures, and their total annihilation and substitution by new realities of undeniable Roman stamp, there existed a wide spectrum of political possibilities with strong cultural and religious undertones. In creating those new options, which Rome either opted for, refused, or transformed, the political and cultural activity of the Greeks themselves, and in particular the oligarchs who ruled the cities in the Mediterranean East, played an important role. This volume attempts to analyse all those new possibilities