Suchergebnisse

1. Fractionation in igneous processes -- 2. Compositional variation in magmas -- 3. Phase diagrams — introduction -- 4. Ternary systems — I -- 5. Ternary systems with solid solutions page -- 6. The interpretation of two-element variation diagrams -- 7. Petrographic aspects of volcanic rocks -- 8. Quaternary systems -- 9. Experimental work on natural basaltic and allied rocks -- 10. Water-bearing basic rock systems -- 11. Compositionally zoned magma bodies and their bearing on crystal settling -- 12. Petrographic aspects of plutonic rocks -- 13. The interpretation of data for plutonic rocks -- 14. Trace elements in igneous processes -- 15. The use of isotopes in petrology -- Appendices -- 1. Nomenclature of igneous rocks -- 2. Average major element compositions and CIPW norms of common igneous rock types -- 3. Norm calculations -- Calculation of the CIPW norm -- Molecular norms -- 4. Calculation of plotting parameters for O'Hara (1968) polybaric phase diagram -- 5. Some representative mineral analyses -- Answers to exercises -- References.

Background Health care practice needs to be underpinned by high quality research evidence, so that the best possible care can be delivered. However, evidence from research is not always utilised in practice. This study used the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework as its theoretical underpinning to test whether two different approaches to facilitating implementation could affect the use of research evidence in practice. Methods A pragmatic clustered randomised controlled trial with embedded process and economic evaluation was used. The study took place in four European countries across 24 long-term nursing care sites, for people aged 60 years or more with documented urinary incontinence. In each country, sites were randomly allocated to standard dissemination, or one of two different types of facilitation. The primary outcome was the documented percentage compliance with the continence recommendations, assessed at baseline, then at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the intervention. Data were analysed using STATA15, multi-level mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to scores for compliance with the continence recommendations, adjusting for clustering. Results Quantitative data were obtained from reviews of 2313 records. There were no significant differences in the primary outcome (documented compliance with continence recommendations) between study arms and all study arms improved over time. Conclusions This was the first cross European randomised controlled trial with embedded process evaluation that sought to test different methods of facilitation. There were no statistically significant differences in compliance with continence recommendations between the groups. It was not possible to identify whether different types and "doses" of facilitation were influential within very diverse contextual conditions. The process evaluation (Rycroft-Malone et al., Implementation Science. doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0811-0) revealed the models of facilitation used were limited in their ability to overcome the influence of contextual factors. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN11598502. Date 4/2/10. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 223646.