Suchergebnisse

There has been increasing awareness and interest in the role of the senses in qualitative research. We build on this work by focusing on the use of material objects in research. Using material objects in qualitative research, particularly those selected by research participants, offers a different kind of engagement that can add richness and complexity to the knowledge generated. Material objects can either be participant-selected or researcher-selected, each having its own benefits and challenges. Using examples, we explore how participants sensorially engage with these objects, using visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile means. This engagement with material objects, particularly those that are personally meaningful to participants, is useful when examining research topics that may be sensitive or abstract; it offers the potential for participants to identify salient associations and/or express what may be otherwise unsayable. We discuss practical strategies in using material objects as well as the ethical challenges and possible products of such research.

Neither practitioners nor academics in the field of public administration have agreed upon a satisfactory definition of administrative law. To help explain this present-day confusion, conceptual history of administrative law is presented. This history, which stresses how administrative law has been perceived, is divided into three major periods: 1893-1913, 1933-1946, and 1946 to the present. The definition is found to have began as the tripartite view of delegation of legislative authority, exercise of legislative authority, and judicial review, which later changed to a concern for the discretionary component of administrative law; the present-day definition includes substantive law. Because the New Deal era was critical in codifying administrative law and in setting the stage for the changes which followed, the New Deal and post New Deal years are examined closely. The work of Robert Jackson, who served as Solicitor General and then Attorney General under President Franklin Roosevelt, and then as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1941 to his death in 1954, is used as the focal point for the examination. Jackson's work as government attorney had considerable impact on the field of administrative law, especially in his influence on the veto of the Walter Logan bill and the Attorney General's Committee on Administrative Procedure. His work as a Justice had less impact; most of his notable opinions are in dissent and have yet to be affirmed by the Court. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of Jackson's views of administrative law, the necessary components to a definition of administrative law, and the importance of accepting such components for methods of teaching public administration. ; Ph. D.

The use of artistic forms as an alternative means for representing research findings is gaining acceptance in the research community. There are, however, important yet unresolved and even contentious issues arising from these new applications of the arts. These include concerns about the level of expertise required to effectively utilize the arts in research, the appropriateness of various methods of creating artworks and the desirability of identifying criteria for assessing arts-based contributions. Centring on the question of criteria for the creation and assessment of arts-based works, we note that there are, at present, few salient guidelines. Drawing upon our experience in conducting a pilot project employing arts-based methods of representing research findings, we propose a Guiding Arts-Based Research Assessment (GABRA) meta-framework for assessing the quality and effectiveness of utilizing the arts for knowledge dissemination. This overarching framework incorporates normative, substantive and performative aspects of arts-based methods of representing research findings.

Un nombre croissant de chercheurs du domaine de la santé se tournent vers des formes novatrices de recherche alliant les méthodologies des sciences sociales et des arts performatifs, littéraires et visuels. Cet article compare et analyse deux méthodes de dissémination de résultats de recherche dans le domaine de la santé : le café scientifique et la performance artistique (arts visuels, chant, poésie, théâtre). L'analyse de questionnaires remplis par 78 répondants et d'entrevues menées auprès de ces personnes indique que la performance artistique est plus efficace dans la communication de résultats de recherche selon trois des quatre critères d'évaluation utilisés : elle suscite davantage d'émotions chez les membres de l'auditoire, suscite plus de questions sur le sujet couvert et influence un plus grand nombre de personnes à modifier leur point de vue et leurs pratiques. Tant le café scientifique que la performance artistique aident les participants à comprendre la problématique exposée. Les arts permettent cependant une compréhension différente.

Research ethics boards (REBs) are charged with applying ethical standards to protect the rights and interests of research subjects. Little, however, is known about how REB members perceive probable impacts of research participation for subjects. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 40 Canadian REB members, we identify three frequently reported epistemic strategies, including reliance on a local REB culture or ethos, use of resident authorities, and protective imagination. Far less commonly described strategies included direct or indirect contact with research subjects. REB members also reflected upon significant gaps in their knowledge and thus the importance of knowing what we don't know. Recommendations arising from this support an evidence-based practice for ethics review involving clear epistemic standards for REBs learning about subjects' experiences.

Sharing findings with the Huntington disease (HD) community and other genetic disease communities is challenging because of the sensitivity involved in effectively communicating findings to participants. We describe our experiences of presenting multi-disciplinary research findings to the HD community, and discuss the need to: (1) balance potential benefits and harms for participants, researchers, and others; (2) demonstrate respect for participants' needs, expectations, and priorities; and (3) ensure transparency and respect for autonomy.

The papers in this special issue were first given at a conference in Toronto, Canada, in April 2004 entitled 'Genomics, Genetics, and Society: Bridging the Disciplinary Divides'. The papers fall into four intersecting themes. (1) The introduction of genetic and genomic technologies into communities. (2) Governance, the morals of scientific discourse and policy making. (3) What is a gene? (4) Public knowledge, public trust and improved dialogue between the public and scientists.

This edited collection provides a comprehensive overview of ethical issues associated with visual research methods. Considering the work of researchers across a range of disciplines using visual methods in research, it offers practical and thoughtful discussions of emerging methodological and ethical dilemmas in innovative projects using visual methods, either in combination with other methods or as a stand-alone method to answer new kinds of research questions. Both synthesizing central themes and addressing ethical issues particularly relevant to specific research topics, in various settings and from various disciplinary perspectives, it considers how researchers navigate and conceptualise ethical issues. With contributions discussing research conducted in Australia, Argentina, Canada, India, Korea, Norway and the United Kingdom, the book's international scope, disciplinary breadth and the range of methods and research contexts addressed will notably appeal to those seeking to understand the value, and potential ethical risks, of visual methodologies for social research

Trust is fundamental in health research, yet there is little empirical evidence that explores the meaning of trust from the perspective of human subjects. The analysis presented here focuses on how human subjects talked about trust in the in-depth interviews. It emerged from the accounts that trust could not be assumed in the research setting, rather it was portrayed as a dynamic concept, built and easily broken, characterized by reciprocity and negotiation. Human subjects were ambivalent about who, when, what, and how much to trust in the research endeavor. This paper adds a fresh perspective to the literature on trust, and so offers a currently neglected, and little understood dimension to the discourse around health research ethics.