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Terrorism has emerged as one of the most problematic issues facing national governments and the international community in the 21st century. But how is it possible to counter terrorism in a world in which governance is still dominated by the nation-state? Are we seeing new forms of terrorist activity in the wake of 9/11? Are pre-9/11 approaches still valid? How can we combat and control diverse threats of multiple origin? Who should be responsible for countering terrorism and in what circumstances?In this incisive new book, Ronald Crelinsten seeks to provide answers to these pressing q

TORTURERS ARE MADE BY THE REGIMES THEY SERVE, FABRICATED IN THE INTERESTS OF GOVERNMENTS AND BUREAUCRACIES THAT WOULD PERSUADE US TO BELIEVE IN TORTURE

This article argues that the practice of torture often involves the creation of an entire "torture regime." The torture regime constructs a new reality for all of the key participants to torture-for instance, the direct perpetrators, the medical personnel who define the limits of torture, and the leaders who demand results without questioning how they are obtained. Three central aspects of this constructed reality crucial to perpetrators are identified: authorization, routinization, and dehumanization. Broad support for a torture regime exists when individuals within a regime are atomized and when other nations and multinational corporations take a "business-as-usual" approach to the regime. It is argued that the disposition to act as a perpetrator or as a passive bystander of torture is not natural. George Bush's administration is therefore described as a torture regime that helps to explain how perpetrators and passive bystanders are created.

This book examines the relationship between terrorism and counterterrorism and how it operates within the broader context of communication, control, power and democratic governance at the national, international and transnational level. A culmination of decades of research on the challenges that liberal democracies face in dealing with terrorism, this work provides an innovative framework that maps out the broader context in which terrorism and counterterrorism interact and co-evolve - the terrorism-counterterrorism nexus. In a series of models moving from local to global perspectives, the framework places this nexus within the broader context of social, cultural, political and economic life. This framework provides a tool for maintaining situational awareness in a multi-tiered, networked world where geography and history are splintering into a rainbow of perspectives and locales, revealing the contested nature of space and time themselves.

"This book examines the relationship between terrorism and counterterrorism and how it operates within the broader context of communication, control, power and democratic governance at the national, international and transnational level. A culmination of decades of research on the challenges that liberal democracies face in dealing with terrorism, this work provides an innovative framework that maps out the broader context in which terrorism and counterterrorism interact and co-evolve - the terrorism-counterterrorism nexus. In a series of models moving from local to global perspectives, the framework places this nexus within the broader context of social, cultural, political and economic life. This framework provides a tool for maintaining situational awareness in a multi-tiered, networked world where geography and history are splintering into a rainbow of perspectives and locales, revealing the contested nature of space and time themselves. This book will be of much interest to students of political violence, terrorism studies, communication studies and international relations, as well as security professionals"--

Terrorism has emerged as one of the most problematic issues facing national governments and the international community in the 21st century. But how is it possible to counter terrorism in a world in which governance is still dominated by the nation-state? Are we seeing new forms of terrorist activity in the wake of 9/11? Are pre-9/11 approaches still valid? How can we combat and control diverse threats of multiple origin? Who should be responsible for countering terrorism and in what circumstances? In this incisive new book, Ronald Crelinsten seeks to provide answers to these pressing questions, challenging readers to think beyond disciplinary and jurisdictional boundaries. He presents an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to the difficulties and obstacles related to countering terrorism in democratic societies. The counterterrorism framework that he develops in this book reflects the complex world in which we live. The different approaches to counterterrorism provide the organizing theme of the book and help the reader to understand and to appreciate the full range of options available. -- Back cover.

This article analyzes terrorism & counterterrorism in a framework of communication. This analytic framework views violence as a form of communication that interacts with other forms of social & political communication, whether by nonstate actors or state actors. By looking at how terrorism & counterterrorism fit into the wider context of social & political life, both at the national & the international level, the analyst can better understand how terrorism emerges from other social or political activity, can evolve into legal or nonviolent action, & can be but one tool in a political or social struggle that includes both violent & nonviolent tactics. By including counterterrorism & the array of control institutions used to battle terrorism & related phenomena, the model forces a degree of self-reflectivity & self-awareness on the analyst, who must examine societal, state, & international institutions & forms of social control alongside strategies & tactics of protest & political agitation. In a post-11 September (2001) world, this analytic task is all the more challenging. 7 Figures. Adapted from the source document.

The activities of two distinct cells in the terrorist organization le Front de liberation du Quebec (FLQ) during late 1970 are studied to determine the relations between the units & demonstrate the problems that arose from both cells' decision to kidnap important officials. Although the two cells were familiar with one another, it is contended that the cell leaders envisioned different goals for their terrorist activities. The different terrorist strategies used by the terrorist cells & the significantly disparate outcomes of the kidnappings are addressed. The popular perception of the FLQ as a highly centralized terrorist organization is repudiated. In addition, the implications of terrorist organizations' structural characteristic, sociopolitical environment, & reception by society & the state are considered. J. W. Parker

This article examines the post‐Cold War tendency to broaden the counter‐terrorism mandate to include other phenomena such as organised crime, drug‐trafficking and illegal immigration. This redefinition has important implications for democracy, both at the level of discourse and at the level of practice. At the level of discourse, the plasticity of the word "terrorism" and its application to a wide variety of phenomena is a form of claims making activity by a variety of agencies fighting for budgetary allocations in an era of cost‐cutting and deficit reduction. At the level of practice, the counter‐terrorism mandate is being expanded to include the range of phenomena covered in the widening discourse and this, in turn, has led to a blurring of boundaries between internal and external security, police and military models of control, and public and private sectors. All this has an impact on the openness of government, the accountability of agencies of social control, the adherence to the rule of law in the fight against terrorism and related phenomena, and the possibility of informed consent by a public made fearful by the claims‐making discourse as it is disseminated through the mass media.

This article looks at the role that television plays in terrorist incidents and similar crisis situations. It highlights the specific features of television and television news that underlie its particular impact on crisis situations and points towards specific policy implications that derive from these features. The unique problems which television poses for the management of terrorist and other political crises will be addressed.