Sieyès's idea of constituent power: a moderate and illiberal idea of sovereignty in the French revolution
In: History of European ideas, S. 1-23
ISSN: 0191-6599
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In: History of European ideas, S. 1-23
ISSN: 0191-6599
In: Papel político, Band 23, Heft 2, S. 1-3
ISSN: 2145-0617
El libro del profesor Guerrero ofrece un análisis de los debates teóricos que el célebre y polémico jurista Carl Schmitt provocó a lo largo de su vida en el convulsionado siglo XX. El comentario crítico aquí presentado no tiene como finalidad el reseñar o resumir el texto por capítulos, sino, por el contrario, complementar la discusión a la que nos ha invitado el autor. Efectivamente, este texto debe leerse como una invitación al debate intelectual, y precisamente a esta hemos accedido con honor. Por esa razón, el libro es, antes que una exploración por los distintos campos que exploró el jurista de Plettenberg —ciencia política, constitucionalismo, crítica literaria y relaciones internacionales— una propuesta de pensar en conjunto las discusiones que generó el libro Politische theologie, de 1922. A primera vista, el texto nos llama a reflexionar sobre las vinculaciones entre los campos de la teología y la política, precisamente con una portada de la Torre de Babel, que es una gura icónica dentro de la mística del judeocristianismo. Sin embargo, el libro no es un trabajo de teología ni de filosofía de la religión, sino, esencialmente, de teoría política.
El libro del profesor Guerrero ofrece un análisis de los debates teóricos que el célebre y polémico jurista Carl Schmitt provocó a lo largo de su vida en el convulsionado siglo XX. El comentario crítico aquí presentado no tiene como finalidad el reseñar o resumir el texto por capítulos, sino, por el contrario, complementar la discusión a la que nos ha invitado el autor. Efectivamente, este texto debe leerse como una invitación al debate intelectual, y precisamente a esta hemos accedido con honor. Por esa razón, el libro es, antes que una exploración por los distintos campos que exploró el jurista de Plettenberg —ciencia política, constitucionalismo, crítica literaria y relaciones internacionales— una propuesta de pensar en conjunto las discusiones que generó el libro Politische theologie, de 1922. A primera vista, el texto nos llama a reflexionar sobre las vinculaciones entre los campos de la teología y la política, precisamente con una portada de la Torre de Babel, que es una gura icónica dentro de la mística del judeocristianismo. Sin embargo, el libro no es un trabajo de teología ni de filosofía de la religión, sino, esencialmente, de teoría política.
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In: Wildlife research, Band 51, Heft 1
ISSN: 1448-5494, 1035-3712
Context The common pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica) is a synurbic species widely distributed around the world. High local densities of pigeons have negative impacts on animal and public health. Urban pigeon fouling also damages buildings and infrastructures, resulting in increased maintenance costs. Although the reduction of food and shelter would be the most effective control method, it does not apply in most cases where the amount of shelter and food can be unlimited and control very difficult achieve. However, a reduction and control of the population by fertility control using nicarbazin (NCZ, Ovistop®) could be achieved without the need to capture and remove any specimens. Aim and methods The aims of this study were (1) to describe the experience of up to 8 years of use of fertility control by NCZ on pigeon numbers in 24 towns and cities in Catalonia (Spain), (2) to assess the potential for non-target species to be affected by NCZ, and (3) to quantify the costs of implementing local population control of urban pigeons via NCZ. Local number of pigeons was estimated via population censuses. Key results From the beginning of the treatment, a significant steady decreasing trend (average of −12% per year) in the pigeon abundance was registered. In very few instances, non-target birds species were observed to feed on NCZ. Conclusions and implications NZC was an effective and selective method of animal welfare to reduce the total number of pigeons in the municipalities included in this study, while not affecting other non-target species. The estimated cost of the annual treatment was €33.6 per pigeon; in 68% of the municipalities, the total annual cost was halved after 3 years of treatment. The findings of this study are in agreement with previous experiences controlling pigeon colonies by using NCZ in other countries.
El presente artículo aborda la relación entre calidad de la democracia ygobierno de la ley. Este tema es particularmente relevante porque la mayoría de los trabajos producidos desde la ciencia política contemporánea que discuten y evalúan la calidad y el desempeño de los regímenes democráticos reconoce el impacto que sobre ella tiene la existencia de un sistema legal efectivo, predecible, igual para todos y capaz de proveer justicia (o'Donnell, 2004, 2007; Morlino y Diamond, 2005; Levine y Molina, 2007b). La primera sección de este trabajo aborda la necesidad de contar con una mirada política del desarrollo del derecho y de las leyes, así como de su impacto sobre la sociedad. La segunda sección presenta y discute las maneras como se entiende el concepto de gobierno de la ley al interior de los argumentos sobre la calidad de la democracia y gobernabilidad democrática. Esta sección ofrece, además, una discusión sobre los planteamientos existentes en relación con la articulación entre gobierno de la ley y las otras dimensiones fundamentales en relación conel funcionamiento de un régimen democrático.
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The application of sewage sludge (SS) to agricultural soil can help meet crop nutrient requirements and enhance soil properties, while reusing an organic by-product. However, SS can be a source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), resulting in an increased risk of antibiotic resistance dissemination. We studied the effect of the application of thermally-dried anaerobically-digested SS on (i) soil physicochemical and microbial properties, and (ii) the relative abundance of 85 ARGs and 10 MGE-genes in soil. Soil samples were taken from a variety of SS-amended agricultural fields differing in three factors: dose of application, dosage of application, and elapsed time after the last application. The relative abundance of both ARGs and MGE-genes was higher in SS-amended soils, compared to non-amended soils, particularly in those with a more recent SS application. Some physicochemical parameters (i.e., cation exchange capacity, copper concentration, phosphorus content) were positively correlated with the relative abundance of ARGs and MGE-genes. Sewage sludge application was the key factor to explain the distribution pattern of ARGs and MGE-genes. The 30 most abundant families within the soil prokaryotic community accounted for 66% of the total variation of ARG and MGE-gene relative abundances. Soil prokaryotic α-diversity was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of ARGs and MGE-genes. We concluded that agricultural soils amended with thermally-dried anaerobically-digested sewage sludge showed increased risk of antibiotic resistance dissemination. © Copyright © 2021 Jauregi, Epelde, Alkorta and Garbisu. ; This work has been financially supported by the Basque Government (projects: URAGAN and KONTRAE-Elkartek-KK-2020-00007) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project: PRADA PID2019-110055RB-C21). LJ was the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Department of Economic Development and Infrastructure of the Basque Government.
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Ammonia is the main pollutant associated to laying hen facilities. Best Available Techniques such as manure drying tunnels have been implemented to minimise ammonia losses. However, scarce information is available about their performance as a cleaner technology. Ammonia emission from a manure-belt laying hen building and the annexed external manure drying tunnel were measured from July 2015 to October 2016 under Continental Mediterranean climate conditions. Ammonia emission from the building and manure drying tunnel were continuously measured by a photoacoustic multi gas analyser. Temperature and relative humidity were monitored. The uncertainty of ammonia emission calculation was examined. Nitrogen mass balance was also used to estimate ammonia losses from the building. Results showed that the annual mean ammonia emission from the building was 93.8 mg ammonia d−1 hen−1. Mean ammonia emission uncertainty in the building was 9.7% throughout the sampling period. Ventilation rate was identified as the main factor affecting uncertainty due to the variability of fans operation. Concerning the manure drying tunnel, mean ammonia emission was 209.3 mg NH3 d−1 hen−1. Ammonia losses were affected by the atmospheric temperature and relative humidity, and manure dry matter content in both systems. Manure ammonia emission should be researched in following steps of the manure continuum to state the manure drying tunnel as a cleaner production technology. Ammonia emission estimation by nitrogen mass balance method was 98.4 mg NH3 d−1 hen−1. It was demonstrated to be a good indicator of the ammonia emission over the year although it did not reflect the variations between shorter time periods. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd ; This research was supported by the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Basque Government . Eduardo Rosa held a grant from the Ph.D. student's research program of the Department of Economic Development and Competitiveness of the Basque Government. Haritz Arriaga held a postdoctoral grant of ...
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El paradigma emprendedor transciende la mera intervención en el mercado de trabajo. Implica también un proceso de interpelación ética, una política de producción de nuevos sujetos del trabajo (empreados). El objetivo de este artículo es explorar la actual mutación política experimentada en los modos de conceptualizar la justicia en el trabajo. Para ello se analizan las éticas sociolaborales que proponen las políticas de emprendimiento, las éticas de la empreabilidad. A partir del análisis de discurso de textos normativos y políticos producidos en el ámbito europeo y nacional que desarrollan el programa de Garantía Juvenil y de su vertiente emprendedora, se han identificado tres de los pilares que articulan estas éticas de la empreabilidad: producción de marcos despolitizadores con los que nombrar la vulnerabilidad; promoción de una nueva cultura del trabajo que reubica el conflicto en el interior de uno mismo, y desplazamiento y difuminación de las fronteras semánticas del empleo. Este trabajo concluye planteando las implicaciones de esta transformación semántica y política (del empleo al empreo) en los modos de pensarnos e interpelarnos como sociedad. ; El paradigma emprenedor transcendeix la mera intervenció en el mercat de treball. Implica també un procés d'interpel·lació ètica, una política de producció de nous subjectes del treball (empreats). L'objectiu d'aquest article és explorar l'actual mutació política experimentada en les maneres de conceptualitzar la justícia en el treball. Per fer-ho s'analitzen les ètiques sociolaborals que proposen les polítiques d'emprenedoria, les ètiques de l'empreabilitat. A partir de l'anàlisi de discurs de textos normatius i polítics produïts en l'àmbit europeu i nacional que desenvolupen el programa de Garantia Juvenil i del seu vessant emprenedor, s'han identificat tres dels pilars que articulen aquestes ètiques de l'empreabilitat: producció de marcs despolitizadors amb els quals anomenar la vulnerabilitat; promoció d'una nova cultura del treball que reubica el conflicte a l'interior d'un mateix, i desplaçament i difuminació de les fronteres semàntiques de l'ocupació. Aquest treball conclou plantejant les implicacions d'aquesta transformació semàntica i política (de l'ocupació a l'empreació) en les maneres de pensar-nos i interpel·lar-nos com a societat. ; The paradigm of entrepreneurship goes beyond mere intervention in the labor market: it also implies a policy of production of new subjects. The aim of this article is to explore the current political mutation in the ways of conceptualizing justice at work. To this end, we have analyzed the socio-labour ethics that promote entrepreneurship policies, the ethics of entrepreneur-ability, through the study of the Youth Guarantee program. From the discourse analysis of the main normative and political texts produced at European and national level of this program and its entrepreneurial dimension, three of the pillars that articulate these empreabilidad ethics have been identified: the inexorable property of oneself; the normative engineering of the self and the articulation of the conflict within the subject. This work concludes stating the implications of this semantic and political transformation (from employment to employment) in the ways of thinking and questioning ourselves as a society.
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In: Revista latina de comunicación social: RLCS, Heft 72, S. 540-559
ISSN: 1138-5820
Las exigencias de cualificación y competencias que demanda la Economía Digital obligan a las universidades a incorporar estrategias académicas que posibiliten un aprendizaje de los requerimientos tecnológicos, que generen una mejora en las oportunidades individuales de inserción laboral. En este trabajo, se evalúan las competencias digitales de futuros profesionales de acuerdo a las necesidades empresariales que se están requiriendo en algunos países de Europa y América Latina. Metodología: Ha sido aplicado un cuestionario validado a estudiantes de dos titulaciones universitarias de España y México con el propósito de medir cinco áreas de competencias digitales. El análisis estadístico practicado consta de una primera fase descriptiva y una segunda inferencial (análisis de correlaciones). Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican que los jóvenes tienen carencias digitales en las áreas de comunicación, seguridad y solución de problemas. Se demuestra que los alumnos no adquieren en su vida académica las habilidades requeridas para el actual contexto de transformación digital.
The phytomanagement concept combines a sustainable reduction of pollutant linkages at risk-assessed contaminated sites with the generation of both valuable biomass for the (bio)economy and ecosystem services. One of the potential benefits of phytomanagement is the possibility to increase biodiversity in polluted sites. However, the unique biodiversity present in some polluted sites can be severely impacted by the implementation of phytomanagement practices, even resulting in the local extinction of endemic ecotypes or species of great conservation value. Here, we highlight the importance of promoting measures to minimise the potential adverse impact of phytomanagement on biodiversity at polluted sites, as well as recommend practices to increase biodiversity at phytomanaged sites without compromising its effectiveness in terms of reduction of pollutant linkages and the generation of valuable biomass and ecosystem services. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. ; Funding This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Spanish Government (AGL2016-76592-R) and European Union within the Interreg SUDOE (PhytoSUDOE-SOE1/P5/E0189).
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In: Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 33-47
In: American journal of health promotion, Band 30, Heft 1, S. 2-8
ISSN: 2168-6602
Purpose. Examine whether concurrently consuming a healthy diet and regularly being physically active among U.S. youth is more favorably associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers than other physical activity and dietary patterns. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. United States (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2003–2006. Subjects. Two thousand six hundred twenty-nine youth (6–17 years). Measures. Healthy Eating Index (HEI), accelerometer-determined physical activity, biomarkers, and anthropometry. Four categories were created: consuming a healthy diet (top 40% of HEI) and active (sufficient to meet guidelines); unhealthy diet and active; healthy diet and inactive; and unhealthy diet and inactive. Analysis. Multivariable regression. Results. Children consuming a healthy diet and who were active had significantly lower waist circumference (β = −5.5, p < .006), C-reactive protein (CRP) (β = –.2, p < .006), and triglycerides (β = −27.9, p < .006) than children consuming an unhealthy diet and who were inactive. Children engaging in both healthy behaviors had significantly lower CRP (β = –.11, p < .001) and total cholesterol levels (β = −7.8, p = .004) than those only engaging in sufficient activity; there were no significant differences in biomarker levels among children engaging in both healthy behaviors and those only consuming a healthy diet. No associations were significant for adolescents. Conclusion. Concurrent healthy eating and regular physical activity among children is favorably associated with CVD biomarkers when compared with unhealthy diet and inactivity.