Suchergebnisse

Depuis 2005, les tribunaux de district du Ghana proposent aux parties qu'oppose un litige un service de règlement alternatif des conflits par voie de médiation. Dans quelle mesure ce mode de règlement alternatif soutenu par l'État a-t-il réussi à offrir une justice à la fois plus rapide et plus accessible que les juridictions formelles et conformes aux valeurs et aux attentes de la population ? Une étude a montré que le programme est réellement accessible et répond effectivement au souhait populaire d'un processus équilibré de recherche de la vérité débouchant sur des accords exécutoires. Les institutions étatiques ont joué un rôle crucial d'« hybrides pragmatiques » en alliant l'autorité, le soutien organisationnel et les compétences professionnelles de médiation nécessaires à un tel programme à une sensibilité aux valeurs et aux attentes populaires. Néanmoins, l'efficacité de ce système n'est pas parfaitement à la hauteur des attentes des réformateurs du Service judiciaire et de ses partenaires de développement.

Whether democratization of local government will lead to an improvement in governmental performance, particularly in congruence between popular preferences and actual policies; based on field research, 1993; Cote d'Ivoire.

Decentralisation advocates argue that decentralised governments are more responsive to the needs of the poor than central governments and thus are more likely to conceive and implement pro-poor policies. Recent evidence from a selected group of sub-Saharan African countries is reviewed in a comparative framework that highlights factors associated with success in poverty reduction. (InWent/DÜI)

AbstractDecentralisation advocates argue that decentralised governments are more responsive to the needs of the poor than central governments and thus are more likely to conceive and implement pro‐poor policies. Recent evidence from a selected group of sub‐Saharan African countries is reviewed in a comparative framework that highlights factors associated with success in poverty reduction. It is argued that the degree of responsiveness to the poor and the extent to which there is an impact on poverty are determined primarily by the politics of local–central relations and the general regime context—particularly the ideological commitment of central political authorities to poverty reduction. In most of the cases, 'elite capture' of local power structures has been facilitated by the desire of ruling elites to create and sustain power bases in the countryside. Popular perceptions of the logic of patronage politics, combined with weak accountability mechanisms, have reinforced this outcome. The conclusion from these African cases is that decentralisation has not empowered challenges to local elites who are resistant or indifferent to pro‐poor policies. Thus, decentralisation is unlikely to lead to more pro‐poor outcomes without a serious effort to strengthen and broaden accountability mechanisms at both local and national levels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.