Suchergebnisse

The paper refers to the fact that sentencers' decisions are constrained in a number of ways. It uses the example of employment status, and starts by referring to earlier research on unemployment and sentencing undertaken during the 1980s. It then looks at how sen- tencers' responded to changes in the Criminal Justice Acts 1991 and 1993, in particular to the introduction and then abolition of unit fines, and the impact this has had on sentencing of the unemployed. Qualitative and quantitative information, collected during the course of a study of the legislation, is presented on sentencers' views and practices. The paper concludes by considering whether unit fines «worked» and why the were abolished.

Abstract: Until recently relatively little research had been carried out on criminal justice and black people in the U.K., but this is now changing. The indications of work to date are that black people's experience of criminal justice in the U.K. is very different from that of white people. One consequence of this is that the number of black people in Prison Department establishments is disproportionately greater than their representation in the population as a whole. However, the process by which this comes about is a complex one, reflecting not only the way that black people are dealt with by different criminal justice agencies, but also their position in society at large. The available evidence shows that, while some differential sentencing cannot be ruled out as an explanation for the disproportional representation of black people in the prison population, what seems to be more important is what happens prior to sentence, in that black people are differentially apprehended, charged and brought to court in the first instance. In view of this it is not surprising that relations between black people and the police are often troubled. This article highlights the interdependence of the criminal justice process and the way that decisions taken at one stage of the process can affect subsequent decisions, and thus be responsible for black people perceiving the whole system as discriminatory.

Co-operation between NACRO and the Inner London Probation and After-care Service has resulted in the setting up of an after-care hostel project. In tackling the related needs of accommodation and unemployment it appears to be having some success. A regime under which residents are actively engaged in seeking their own solutions may account for this.

Robinson and Crow have achieved the seemingly impossible: a book about rehabilitation that transcends the medical model", that is original and contemporary yet grounded in a sophisticated history, and most of all that is fun to read. It will become a new classic text in a field that has been crying out for one' - Professor Shadd Maruna, Queen's University, Belfast. 'In an age where there is much public and political confusion about many criminal justice matters, this book brings considerable clarity to the idea of rehabilitation, its theoretical and historical roots, and contemporary prac

Abstract: This article considers the complexity of measuring the impact on crime reduction of different types of intervention with young people, which use the medium of sports activity. It draws on the authors' experience of sports‐related programmes. Interventions are categorised using a combination of Brantingham and Faust's (1976) categorisation of programmes as primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention and the mechanism by which the intervention is likely to work (Pawson and Tilley 1997). This shows that the impact of some types of intervention is not only inherently more difficult to measure, but also demands far more resources to do so. This applies particularly to interventions such as the Youth Justice Board supported summer Splash programmes, which involve casual participation, and target geographical areas rather than individuals. The relationship of the categorisation to the technical and practical difficulties of measuring impact shows that the ideal of evidence‐led policy is not easy to achieve, however, using this categorisation, the article makes some suggestions for evaluation methods, based on experience. The article also shows that in some cases the resources required to produce the evidence exceeds those available to many programmes. The implications of this are considered.

This book has been produced by a research team from NACRO (National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders). Readers familiar with NACRO publications will feel a bit cheated because a large part of its solid empirical centre has been published elsewhere (Unemployment and Magistrates' Courts, NACRO, 1987) — in a more user‐friendly, and much less‐expensive, form.