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Northern Ireland's Troubles conflict, like many complex conflicts through the world, has often been conceived as considerably motivated by religious differences. This paper demonstrates that religion was often integrated into an ethno-religious identity that fueled sectarian conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland during the Troubles period. Instead of being a religious-based conflict, the conflict derived from historical divides of power, land ownership, and civil and political rights in Ireland over several centuries. It relies on 12 interviews, six Protestants and six Catholics, to measure their use of religious references when referring to their religious other. The paper concludes that in the overwhelming majority of cases, both groups did not use religious references, supporting the hypothesis on the integrated nature of ethnicity and religion during the Troubles. It offers grounding for looking into the complex nature of sectarian and seemingly religious conflicts throughout the world, including cases in which religion acts as more of a veneer to deeply rooted identities and historical narratives.

Humankind is on the transition to a supra-system of humanity, according to which social relationships – that organise the common good – are re-organised such that global challenges are kept below the threshold of a self-inflicted breakdown. In order to succeed, three conditions are imperative: (1) Global governance needs a global conscience that orients towards the protection of the common good. (2) Such global governance needs a global dialogue on the state of the common good and the ways to proceed. (3) Such a global dialogue needs global citizens able to reflect upon the current state of the common good and the ways to proceed to desired states. Each of these imperatives is about a space of possibilities. Each space nests the following one such that they altogether form the scaffolding along which institutions can emerge that realise the imperatives when proper nuclei are introduced in those spaces. Such nuclei would already support each other. However, the clue is to further their integration by Information and Communication Technologies. An information platform shall be launched that could cover any task on any of the three levels, entangled with the articulation of cooperative action from the local to the global, based on the cybersubsidiarity model. This model is devised to ensure the percolation of meaningful information throughout the different organisational levels. ; 2019-20

During oxygenic photosynthesis, cytochromec6 shuttles electrons between the membrane-bound complexes cytochrome bf and photosystem I. Complex formation between Phormidium laminosum cytochromef and cytochrome c6 from bothAnabaena sp. PCC 7119 and Synechococcus elongatus has been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chemical-shift perturbation analysis reveals a binding site on Anabaena cytochrome c6, which consists of a predominantly hydrophobic patch surrounding the heme substituent, methyl 5. This region of the protein was implicated previously in the formation of the reactive complex with photosytem I. In contrast to the results obtained for Anabaena cytochromec6, there is no evidence for specific complex formation with the acidic cytochrome c6 fromSynechococcus. This remarkable variability between analogous cytochromes c6 supports the idea that different organisms utilize distinct mechanisms of photosynthetic intermolecular electron transfer. ; European Commission HPRN-CT-1999-00095 ; Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology BMC2000-0444 ; Andalusian Government CVI-0198