Suchergebnisse

A fascinating and in-depth insight into the extraordinary career of one of our most important politicians, who was instrumental in shaping the development of Aotearoa New Zealand.

For the historian of modern European society the problem of the extent and nature of unemployment at any particular time and in any particular place is a challenging and even frustrating one. It is clearly an important question to ask and yet, except for very recent times, it is almost impossible to answer satisfactorily. Where there are data they are incomplete and their reliability doubtful. This is true even of such a society as Victorian Britain, which might be thought to have a considerable amount of useful material. The early Victorian social investigators in Britain seldom dealt with the problem of unemployment, preferring to focus on educational, sanitary, and similar elements of working-class living standards. Admittedly, from the middle of the nineteenth century continuous series of unemployment figures become increasingly available relating to particular trades and from these aggregate figures have been calculated.1 But the defects of these returns, made by various trade unions and based upon the numbers receiving unemployment benefit, have been recognized almost from the time that they began to appear. As for official labour statistics in general, those for the period before 1886 have recently been described as "deficient, chaotic, and unmanageable".2 The unemployment statistics improved little after 1886. They continued to be derived from the same sources as before, though a much greater number of unions made returns. But the very nature of the returns means that they were biassed towards the unionised workers in industries like heavy engineering.

In response to concerns over possible radiological or nuclear incidents, the Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) was tasked by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to support development of medical countermeasures (MCM) to treat the acute and delayed injuries that can result from radiation exposure. To date, the only three drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of acute radiation syndrome are growth factors targeting granulocyte (Neupogen(®) or Neulasta(®)) or granulocyte and macrophage (Leukinet(®)) hematopoietic cell lineages. Although these are currently stockpiled for deployment in response to a mass casualty scenario, these growth factors will likely be administered in a scarce-resources environment and availability may be limited. Therefore, there is growing interest in understanding the role that these growth factors play in mitigating radiation damage, to optimize their use and maximize the number of people who can be treated. For these reasons, the NIAID and the Radiation Injury Treatment Network organized a workshop to explore the use of growth factors and other cytokines as MCMs in the treatment of radiation-induced injuries. Subject matter experts from government, industry and academia gathered at this workshop to discuss the concept of operations, triage and treatment, administration to diverse civilian populations, growth factors under development for radiation indications, and how the practice of medicine can inform other potential approaches.

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv6n2p40-58 ; Using a structured, qualitative evaluation schema complemented by expert rating, we evaluate the capabilities and utility of ships in the United States Navy and United States Military Sealift inventory. We find that there are specifc types of vessels with significant disaster response utility and recommended a flotill atype that would be best suited for these types of operations. Utilizing an exploratory framework that evalutates three diverse disaster cases, we scale the utility of each vessel using subject matter experts. This work should be of interest to national policy-makers as well as international governing bodies and leaders of naval institutions for its recommendations on the type of ships most useful for contributing to effective disaster response. The capabilities identified in this research are found in various naval and maritime organizations throughout the world, and this work can help assist those organizations identify the types of capabiltiies that are most useful in the event of a disaster.

Using a structured, qualitative evaluation schema complemented by expert rating, we evaluate the capabilities and utility of ships in the United States Navy and United States Military Sealift inventory. We find that there are specific types of vessels with significant disaster response utility and recommend a flotilla type that would be best suited for these types of operations. Utilizing an exploratory framework that evaluates three diverse disaster cases, we scale the utility of each vessel using subject matter experts. This work should be of interest to national policy-makers as well as international governing bodies and leaders of naval institutions for its recommendations on the type of ships most useful for contributing to effective disaster response. The capabilities identified in this research are found in various naval and maritime organizations throughout the world, and this work can help assist those organizations identify the types of capabilities that are most useful in the event of a disaster.DOI:10.12660/joscmv6n2p40-58URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv6n2p40-58

Due to the threat of a radiological or nuclear incident that could impact citizens, the ILS. Department of Health and Human Services tasked the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) with identifying and funding early- to mid-stage medical countermeasure (MCM) development to treat radiation-induced injuries. Given that the body's natural response to radiation exposure includes production of growth factors and cytokines, and that the only drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat acute radiation syndrome are growth factors targeting either the granulocyte (Neupogen(®) or Neulasta(®)) or granulocyte and macrophage (Leukine(®)) hematopoietic cell lineages, there is interest in understanding the role that these factors play in responding to and/or ameliorating radiation damage. Furthermore, in an environment where resources are scarce, such as what might be expected during a radiation public health emergency, availability of growth factor or other treatments may be limited. For these reasons, the NIAID partnered with the Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN), whose membership includes medical centers with expertise in the management of bone marrow failure, to explore the use of growth factors and other cytokines as MCMs to mitigate/treat radiation injuries. A workshop was convened that included government, industry and academic subject matter experts, with presentations covering the anticipated concept of operations during a mass casualty incident including triage and treatment, growth factors under development for a radiation indication, and how the practice of medicine can inform other potential approaches, as well as considerations for administration of these products to diverse civilian populations. This report reviews the information presented, and provides an overview of the discussions from a guided breakout session.

The Government's CANparent trial of universal parenting classes (2012-14) operates in four areas. It seeks to stimulate the development of a commercial market in high quality, stigma-free parenting classes to enhance the skills and confidence of mothers and fathers. In three of the areas, Camden, Middlesbrough and High Peak, the use of vouchers is being used to support this aim. Mothers and fathers of 0-5s who live in these areas are eligible for a free voucher entitling them to access a CANparent parenting course. These vouchers are redeemed by the class providers. Providers receive £75 for every parent starting a course, and a further £25 for every parent completing the course. Voucher distribution and local support to providers is managed by the trial delivery consortium: ECORYS, in partnership with Family Lives and Orion Security Print. Vouchers are widely available, including through the Foundation Years workforce and branches of Boots in the trial areas. Since November 2012, vouchers can be downloaded by parents from the CANparent website (http://www.canparent.org). Fourteen providers in all (up to 10 in an area) are offering CANparent parenting classes differing in length, focus and delivery mode. In the fourth trial area, Bristol, there are no vouchers. Instead, some light touch support is available, such as use of the CANparent brand and website, support from corporate and other organisations, and low/no cost marketing support. Nine providers were approved to operate under the CANparent Bristol brand offering parenting classes differing in length, focus and delivery mode. The Bristol trial encourages providers to operate different funding models, such as third party subsidy, or parents paying for classes.

The CANparent classes trial, a DfE initiative, seeks to trial a universal offer of high quality, stigma-free parenting classes to support the enhancement of parenting skills and confidence, stimulate a commercial market, and reduce the need for further costly intervention. This research report presents the findings from the evaluation of CANparent. It will also explore the affect on parents who attend the classes - how taking a class can change their perceptions of their skills and confidence in parenting. In line with broader government policy, the aim is to engage a range of providers to offer choice to parents, and to introduce a market approach to limit costs and stimulate creative development, including new variants of programmes and the way they're provided. Consequently, although reference is made to 'parenting classes', a broad interpretation is encouraged, including services that blends online with face-to-face and/or telephone support and self-directed learning.

The Parent Support Adviser Pilot (PSA) pilot is a government funded initiative to support 20 Local Authorities (LAs) to introduce PSAs into their workforce. The Department for Children Schools and Families (DCSF) commissioned the Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) to evaluate the PSA pilot programme from September 2006- August 2008. A government grant (£40 million) has been made available to fund employment of PSAs over this period. This second Interim Report of the Parent Support Adviser Pilot reports the findings of interviews with 105 parents and 69 PSAs from the 12 case study LAs held between November 2007 and January 2008. Consequently, the data reported here are predominantly qualitative with some data derived from rating scales. More substantial quantitative data will be presented in the final report.