Suchergebnisse

The formulation of public policy with respect to the charitable sector requires that both policy objectives and underlying assumptions as to the behaviour of charities be made explicit. For example, when charities act as a necessary fund-raising intermediary between donors and donees, is it reasonable to consider tax expenditures as the 'best' incentive for the increase of charitable expenditure in the voluntary sector? An analysis of potential conflicts which can characterise decision making within a charity acts as a framework within which alternative public policy responses may be examined.

If the opportunity cost of time is higher for high income people, an opportunity cost argument appears at odds with the evidence of a positive r between income & electoral turn-out. This argument is reexamined when the electoral outcome is uncertain. If the marginal utility of income diminishes at an increasing rate, high income individuals are prepared to accept higher voting costs. Higher opportunity costs of participation are therefore consistent with greater turnout. Three implications are discussed: (1) a consideration of the uncertainty costs of increasing government activity; (2) the role of tax relief applied to expenditure on political participation; & (3) the absence of redistributive policies arising via the ballot box. 1 Figure, 12 References. AA