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Raman spectra and structural analysis in ZrOxNy thin films
Raman spectroscopy has been used as a local probe to characterize the structural evolution of magnetron-sputtered decorative zirconium oxynitride ZrOxNy films which result from an increase of reactive gas flow in the deposition The lines shapes, the frequency position and widths of the Raman bands show a systematic change as a function of the reactive gas flow (a mixture of both oxygen and nitrogen). The as-deposited zirconium nitride film presents a Raman spectrum with the typical broadened bands, due to the disorder induced by N vacancies. The recorded Raman spectrum of the zirconium oxide film is typical of the monoclinic phase of ZrO2, which is shown also by X-ray diffraction. Raman spectra of zirconium oxynitride thin films present changes, which are found to be closely related with the oxygen content in films and the subsequent structural changes. ; FCT institution by the project nº POCTI/CTM/38086/2001 co-financed by European community fund FEDER ; European Union through the NMP3-CT-2003 505948 project ...
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Prevalence and Determinants of Bullying Among Health Care Workers in Portugal
Bullying is defined as systematic exposure to humiliation as well as hostile and violent behaviors against one or more individuals. These behaviors are a serious, growing problem, which affects a significant proportion of health care professionals. To support the hospital's risk management policy, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bullying in this institution and identify the determinants of bullying. Bullying was measured using the Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised, Portuguese version (NAQ-R), a self-administered tool. The questionnaire was made available in digital format on the hospital's internal network (Intranet) and in hard copy; questionnaires were returned via nonidentified internal mail addressed to the occupational health unit or deposited in suggestion boxes located throughout the hospital. Multiple questionnaire delivery methods guaranteed data anonymity and confidentiality. The prevalence of bullying in this hospital was 8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [6.2, 10.2]). Reported bullying was predominantly vertical and more frequently occurring among nurses, clerical staff, and health care assistants (12.5%, 7.6%, 6.4%, respectively; p = .005). After adjusting for gender, age, occupation, type of contract, and work schedule, only type of contract was significantly associated with bullying in the workplace; the risk of bullying was twice as high among government employees compared to workers with indefinite duration employment contracts (p = .038). This study identified a high prevalence of bullying among health professionals; hence a program to prevent and control this phenomenon was implemented in this institution.
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Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in rabbit feeding: a review
[EN] This review is focused on the most studied and developed substances which are commonly knownas alternatives to dietary antibiotics, particularly as far as rabbit feeds are concerned. After a reminder of thereason to be and success of antibiotic growth promoters, and why they lately came to be banned in the European Union, we successively deal with probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and organic acids. Data on rabbitsare, as expected, quite scarce when compared to species such as pigs and poultry. Nevertheless, theavailable performance results are discussed together with the possible mechanisms of action. Special mentionis made of the effects of these substances on digestibility and caecal activity. ; Falcão-E-Cunha, L.; Castro-Solla, L.; Maertens, L.; Marounek, M.; Pinheiro, V.; Freire, J.; Mourão, JL. (2007). Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in rabbit feeding: a review. World Rabbit Science. 15(3). doi:10.4995/wrs.2007.597 ; SWORD ; 15 ; 3
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Corrosion behaviour of single layered ZrNxOy thin films in artificial sweat solutions
Applications of coloured thin films can be found on the production of high-quality consumer products, such as eyeglass frames, wristwatch casings and wristbands. These components should possess scratch and corrosion resistant surfaces through the desired lifetime. Recently, metal oxynitrides, MeNxOy (Me = early transition metal) were proposed for decorative applications. In these materials, variations on the amount of oxygen allow the film properties to be tailored, originating a wide range of colours. Additionally, these materials should also fulfil the wear and corrosion requirements above referred. In the present work the corrosion behaviour of single layered zirconium oxynitride, ZrNxOy films, immersed in artificial sweat solutions, is described. Films were produced by rf reactive magnetron sputtering at a constant substrate temperature of 300 ºC, from a pure Zr target. The main processing variable was the flow rate of reactive. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarisation tests and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) at different immersion times, at room temperature. The corrosion resistance of the films is strongly affected by the O/N ratio. A slight tendency to improving the corrosion resistance of the films was found with the increasing in the atomic fraction of oxygen. Nevertheless, pitting was found in all samples. However, the amount of pits seems to be strongly dependent not only on the composition of the film, but also on the processing-induced defects distribution. ; European Union, FCT- Portugal and European community ...
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Deposition of Ti-Zr-O-N films by reactive magnetron sputtering of Zr target with Ti ribbons
In this work, we explore the addition of Ti ribbons on the racetrack of a Zr target to prepare Zr-O-N films including Ti, by reactive magnetron sputtering with a mixture of N2 and O2 as reactive gases. This approach is simple and not invasive, it avoids the modification of the target and minimizes its contamination. These films were compared in terms of chemical composition, density, film growth and crystallographic structure with others prepared in identical conditions without Ti ribbons. In addition, the composition and density of the films were correlated with crystallographic references from literature. The color and electrical properties of the films were evaluated as well. It was observed that poisoning of the Zr target is promoted by the increase of the N2 + O2 flow and the reduction of magnetron current, but it is retarded by the introduction of the Ti ribbons. This effect was particularly remarkable at lower target current, since the sputtering is confined in areas nearer to the racetrack, where the Ti ribbons are located. To account for the poisoning of the target and compare it among the different samples, a 'poisoning parameter' was defined, using a combination of the chemical composition of the films and the deposition rates. The color and electrical properties of the films correlate surprisingly well with their oxygen-to-metal ratio, while the concentration of N does not seem to play any significant role. ; The financial support of Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT), under the projects IF/00671/2013, M-ERA-NET2/0012/2016, and Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020 are gratefully acknowledged. The financial support from the Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK program is also ...
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Agroecological transformation for sustainable food systems : Insight on France-CGIAR research
This 26th dossier d'Agropolis is devoted to research and partnerships in agroecology. The French Commission for International Agricultural Research (CRAI) and Agropolis International, on behalf of CIRAD, INRAE and IRD and in partnership with CGIAR, has produced this new issue in the 'Les dossiers d'Agropolis international' series devoted to agroecology. This publication has been produced within the framework of the Action Plan signed by CGIAR and the French government on February 4th 2021 to strengthen French collaboration with CGIAR, where agroecology is highlighted as one of the three key priorities (alongside climate change, nutrition and food systems).
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