Suchergebnisse

This article argues that economic globalization may be undermined by predicted impacts of global warming and peak oil (depletion). They are projected to cause significant damage to transportation infrastructure and increase transportation costs. They may also increase business risk, food prices, and general prices. As a result, the long distance exploitation of cheap labor may lose much of its economic profitability in coming decades, and supply chains may contract to regional and local lengths.

AbstractTraditionally, private citizens have had few opportunities to alter proposals for residential developments. Adversarial procedures (litigation, arbitration, or public protest) are options but are expensive, lengthy, and complex. Since the early 1970s, environmental disputes concerning local development projects have increasingly been settled by more cooperative procedures that allow environmental advocates and developers to reach voluntary compromises. This article presents the history of two residential development disputes, the processes used to address the issues of concern, and the agreements concluded between the developers and local environmental advocates. These agreements did not effectively resolve the environmental disputes. As a way to strengthen the mediation process, ten criteria are proposed to evaluate agreements like these.

An examination of the growing socialist content of the liberation struggle in South Africa within a Marxian class analysis. The various socialist & antisocialist tendencies within the large anti-apartheid movement are explored. Two issues currently debated within the liberation movement within South Africa are discussed: the importance of the Freedom Charter & its relevance to socialism; & the recent wave of transnational corporate disinvestment from South Africa, & its relevance to class struggles & the creation of the preconditions for socialism in South Africa. It is concluded that one aspect of the liberation struggle in South Africa may be a class transformation (transition to socialism); however, this is not inevitable but must be the result of concerted analysis & struggle. 62 References. Modified AA

In the post-World War II period, South African capitalism is considered by many to have been reproduced on the basis of 'cheap' African labour-power. This is generally understood to mean that the prosperity of capitalism in the Republic depended on the poverty of the African majority. On the one hand, between 1950 and 1979, gross domestic product grew (in constant 1970 prices) from R4·4 billion to R15·5 billion. On the other hand, Africans on average earned wages that were below subsistence levels as defined by such minimal indices as the poverty datum line, and that were only 5 to 25 per cent as large as those earned on average by whites – see Tables 1 and 2. As generally analysed, both overall growth and the absolute and relative poverty of Africans were the direct result of the apartheid policies of the régime, in particular those responsible for the so-called cheap labour system.

Auch wenn die billige Arbeitskraft die Entstehung des Nachkriegskapitalismus in der RSA gefördert hat, war die Entwicklung doch sektoral sehr unterschiedlich. Sektorale und personale Lohnentwicklung 1950-81. Besteuerung. Zurverfügungstellung staatlicher Leistungen (Naturalien, Behausung, Transport). Das Niedriglohnsystem führt sowohl zur Reduzierung des erzielbaren Mehrwertes wegen niedriger Arbeitsproduktivität und niedrigem Verbrauchsniveau als auch zur Notwendigkeit von Umverteilungsmaßnahmen mit ähnlichen Effekten. (DÜI-Hlb)