Suchergebnisse

Artykuł porusza kwestie zagrożenia wysiedleniem i przemocą stosowanymi wobec ludności miejscowej – Garifuna w Hondurasie, w kontekście procesów rozwojowych opartych na intensywnej eksploatacji zasobów naturalnych. Zakłada, że ludność Garifuna poddana jest procesom rugowania z zajmowanych ziem i spychania na margines życia gospodarczego w regionie turystycznym, gdzie władze, nie respektując prawa własności wspólnotowej, stosują przemoc i prześladowania celem przejęcia kontroli nad jej terytorium. Celem artykułu jest analiza przypadku regionu Bahia de Tela nad Morzem Karaibskim w kontekście często wdrażanej w krajach rozwijających się polityki ekstraktywizmu.

La ciudad hispanoamericana, con rasgos estructurales muy característicos y duraderos, está pasandopor profundos cambios en su diseño urbanístico y en su esquema funcional interno. De un modelo simple de su estructura socio-funcional-espacial se convierte en un patchwork de funciones, diseños arquitectónicos y niveles de servicios. La ciudad aparece cada vez más fragmentada en su tejido urbano, toma la forma de fragmentos separados de un espacio que no unen casi nada y que representan nuevos terrenos para la urbanización. El propósito de este artículo es identificar los principales determinantes de la fragmentación en el espacio geográfico de la ciudad hispanoamericana. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cualitativa que combina la revisión documental con el análisis de los procesos espaciales ocurridos durante las últimas cinco décadas en las ciudades hispanoamericanas. Los hallazgos de este trabajo indican que los principales determinantes de la fragmentación en el espacio geográfico son la fricción y la distancia psicológica, social y económica. Se requiere, entonces, una política urbana integral que suavice la fragmentación en estas ciudades.

Since the 1990s the term (and underlying concept  ) of sustainable development has become the aspect arising most often in discussions regarding the Earth's fate, the management of natural resources, energy policy, the safeguarding of food security and places to live, and so on. However, ideas on the accomplishment of sustainable development assumptions have first and foremost allowed for development and strengthening of all those ecological movements able to put political pressure on the governments of different countries, with a view to their devising and implementing policy on environmental protection, as well as the instrumentation allowing effective control over the exploitation of natural resources. Analyses concerning the structure and dynamics of contemporary use of natural resources for economic purposes which came into existence in time for the Rio "Earth Summit" (i.e., in the early 1990s) made it clear that the prevention of excessive change in the natural environment – and the guaranteeing of its appropriate quality for both present and future generations would be best served if the main focus was on raw materials and their use. This rather one-sided way of thinking did in fact evolve over time, to the point where activity in the name of sustainable development has now become multifaceted, involving a wide range of entities, and extending far beyond the field of raw-materials and resources use.

The technologies of development, issuing, and visualisation of maps have changed over recent years. New forms of presentation have developed. Making maps available on mobile devices considerably increases their range of users. This can be used in a broadly defined scheme of promotion. This is determined in part by the practical function of maps, the mass and common character of their use, visualisation of maps on various information carriers, as well as the multimedial and interactive character of modern electronic maps. The objective of the article is to evidence the usefulness of modern cartographic products for the promotion of tourism. The issue will be presented based on the changing functions of modern maps, and based on the example of Roztocze. Maps evoke tourists' interest in a tourist region. They show its special values and attractions, effectively encourage visits and exploration of the region, and create its positive image. The effect of maps on their recipients is strong due to the presentation of promotional content with the application of modern forms of cartographic communication. Owing to varied cartographic products, Roztocze is promoted both in the virtual (internet) and actual space (on information boards in the field). Abundantly issued tourist maps are available throughout the country, and complement the means of promotion of tourism in the region.