Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- A Description of Seismicity Based on Non-extensive Statistical Physics: A Review -- Recognition of periAdriatic Seismic Zones Most Prone to Next Major Earthquakes: Insights from a Deterministic Approach -- Forecasting Moderate Earthquakes in Northern Algeria and Morocco -- An Earthquake Catalogue (2200 B.C. to 2013) for Seismotectonic and Seismic Hazard Assessment Studies in Egypt -- Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Romania -- Practicality of Monitoring Crustal Deformation Processes in Subduction Zones by Seafloor and Inland Networks of Seismological Observations -- Neo-deterministic Definition of Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Scenarios for the Territory of Gujarat (India) -- Geophysical Characterization of Liquefied Terrains Using the Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods: The Case of the Emilia Earthquake 2012 -- Working Strategies for Addressing Microzoning Studies in Urban Areas: Lessons from the 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake -- Earthquake-Induced Reactivation of Landslides: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives -- Resilience, Vulnerability and Prevention Policies of Territorial Systems in Areas at High Seismic Risk -- Numerical Study of the Seismic Response of a Mid-Rise RC Building Damaged by 2009 Tucacas Earthquake -- Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability of Rural Houses in China -- Finite Element Modelling for Seismic Assessment of Historic Masonry Buildings -- Earthquake-Resistant and Thermo-Insulating Infill Panel with Recycled-Plastic Joints -- Base Isolation and Translation of a Strategic Building Under a Preservation Order -- Lessons from the Wenchuan Earthquake -- Lessons Learned from the Recent Earthquakes in Iran -- ``The Impact of the Great 1950 Assam Earthquake on the Frontal Regions of the Northeast Himalaya'' -- Archaeoseismology in Sicily: Past Earthquakes and Effects on Ancient Society.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: Geohazards and Disaster Prevention: Approaches and Case Studies -- Chapter 1: Social Vulnerability and Geohazards: Review and Implications -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Extreme Geohazards: Mechanism and Characteristics -- 1.2.1 Flood Due to Extreme Water Events -- 1.2.2 Earthquake -- 1.2.3 Landslide -- 1.2.4 Sinkhole (Natural and Anthropogenic) -- 1.2.5 Subsidence -- 1.3 Societal Impacts of Geo-Disasters -- 1.3.1 Before Disaster -- 1.3.1.1 Perception of Disaster Risk -- 1.3.1.2 Disaster Preparedness -- 1.3.1.3 Responses to Warning Communication -- 1.3.2 During Disaster -- 1.3.2.1 Housing and Homelessness -- 1.3.2.2 Residence in Areas at High Risk of Disaster Effects -- 1.3.2.3 Financial Effects -- 1.3.3 After Disaster -- 1.3.3.1 Difficulty of Obtaining and Receiving Aid -- 1.3.3.2 Lack of Access to Housing -- 1.3.3.3 Stress Associated with Lack of Resources -- 1.3.3.4 Greater Prevalence of Distress and Depression -- 1.3.3.5 Posttraumatic Stress -- 1.3.3.6 Physical Health and Health Problems -- 1.4 Case Studies of the Social and Economic Impact of Geo-Disasters -- 1.4.1 Hurricane Katrina (Levee System Failure): New Orleans Case Study -- 1.4.1.1 During Disaster (from Perspectives of Damage, Evacuation) -- 1.4.1.2 After Disaster (from the Perspective of Posttraumatic Stress) -- 1.4.2 Socioeconomic Impacts of Haiti Earthquake -- 1.4.2.1 Shelter -- 1.4.2.2 Impact on the Economy -- 1.4.2.3 Impact on Education -- 1.4.3 The Economic Loss due to Newcastle Earthquake -- 1.4.4 Sinkholes -- 1.5 Discussion on Differential Impacts of Geohazards in Social Vulnerability -- 1.6 Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- Chapter 2: Representations of Catastrophe Victims in Journalistic Narration: L´Aquila Earthquake of 2009 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Semantic Evolution of the Word ``Victim´´.

This book provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to addressing geohazards, with topics such as social vulnerability reduction, risk prevention, institutional preparedness, and community resilience. It also introduces new technologies to study geohazards, which is important since geohazards have caused many casualties, economic losses, and damage to cultural heritage throughout human history. Despite this, the culture of risk prevention is not yet widespread, so Disaster Risk Reduction activities must focus on increasing capacities, strategies, and action plans for prevention and preparedness in local communities.

The study formed part of the SIMIT project (Integrated Italy-Malta Cross-Border System of Civil Protection) (B1-2.19/11) part-financed by the European Union under the ItaliaMalta Cross-Border Cooperation Programme, 2007–2013. ; The islands composing the Maltese archipelago (Central Mediterranean) are characterized by a four-layer sequence of limestones and clays. A common feature found in the western half of the archipelago is Upper Coralline Limestone (UCL) plateaus and hillcaps covering a soft Blue Clay (BC) layer which can be up to 75 m thick. The BC layer introduces a velocity inversion in the stratigraphy, implying that the VS30 (traveltime average sear wave velocity (VS) in the upper 30 m) parameter is not always suitable for seismic microzonation purposes. Such a layer may produce amplification effects, however might not be included in the VS30 calculations. In this investigation, VS profiles at seven sites characterized by such a lithological sequence are obtained by a joint inversion of the single-station Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (H/V or HVSR) and effective dispersion curves from array measurements analysed using the Extended Spatial Auto-Correlation technique. The lithological sequence gives rise to a ubiquitous H/V peak between 1 and 2 Hz. All the effective dispersion curves obtained exhibit a 'normal' dispersive trend at low frequencies, followed by an inverse dispersive trend at higher frequencies. This shape is tentatively explained in terms of the presence of higher mode Rayleigh waves, which are commonly present in such scenarios. Comparisons made with the results obtained at the only site in Malta where the BC is missing below the UCL suggest that the characteristics observed at the other seven sites are due to the presence of the soft layer. The final profiles reveal a variation in the VS of the clay layer with respect to the depth of burial and some regional variations in the UCL layer. This study presents a step towards a holistic seismic risk assessment that includes the implications on the site effects induced by the buried clay layer. Such assessments have not yet been done for Malta. ; peer-reviewed

We present rupture details of the Mw6.3 April 6, 2009 L'Aquila earthquake derived by back-projecting teleseismic P waves from a virtual seismic array. The technique that we use has previously been applied to large magnitude earthquakes, but here we report the first application to a moderate size earthquake, showing that it is possible to image teleseismically the finiteness of the source. We used waveforms from about 60 broadband seismic stations from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) data center. The traces were aligned and normalized by using a multi-channel cross-correlation algorithm. We evaluated the array response function and used the 4th root staking in our analysis. We found that the L'Aquila earthquake ruptured toward the east and that it had two different pulses about 4 s and 18 s after the origin time. The rupture moved with a velocity of about 2 km/s. These results are in good agreement with the results obtained using satellite data and with the ones obtained by INGV geodesists. They are also consistent with the INGV earthquake survey. The major damage was also a located east of the epicenter and the specific distribution of damage is in agreement with the energy bursts detected in this paper. The back-projection technique is potentially very fast and it is possible to obtain an image of the rupture process within 20-30 minutes of the origin time. This information can be important to governmental agencies in order to guide emergency response and rescue together with other traditional methods such us ShakeMap. ; peer-reviewed

In this paper we report the preliminary results of the measurements of ambient noise on a dense network of measurement sites in and around the cities of Valletta and Mdina; two important historical heritage sites in Malta. The city of Valletta is the present capital of Malta and it is inextricably linked to the history of the military and charitable Order of St John of Jerusalem. ; N/A

The Sicily Channel, located on the north-central African plate foreland between Sicily, Tunis and Libya, is characterised by a seismically and volcanically active rift zone. This rift extends for more than 600 km in length offshore from the south of Sardinia to the south-east of Malta. Much of the observations we have today are either limited to the surface and the upper crust, or are broader and deeper from regional seismic tomography, missing important details about the lithospheric structure and dynamics. The project GEOMED (https://geomed-msca.eu) addresses this issue by processing all the seismic data available in the region in order to understand better the geodynamics of the Central Mediterranean. A recently compiled earthquake catalogue for the eastern part of the Sicily Channel Rift Zone (SCRZ) will be presented highlighting offshore active faults in the region, and new results from seismic tomography give an insight of what lies beneath. We measure seismic velocities from across the region using ambient seismic noise recorded on more than 50 stations located on Algeria, Italy (Lampedusa, Linosa, Pantelleria, Sardinia, Sicily), Libya, Malta, and Tunisia. The phase-velocity dispersion curves have periods ranging from 5 to 100 seconds and sample through the entire lithosphere. We find that slow and fast seismic velocities coincide with regional tectonic and topographic features. At short periods, Africa and Italy have slower velocities indicating these areas have thick continental crust in contrast to areas beneath Tyrrhenian and Ionian basins. The central area of the SCRZ has relatively faster velocities suggesting that there is a thinner crust. At longer periods the central area of SCRZ is characterised by slower velocities indicative of warmer temperatures than the surrounding. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 843696. ; peer-reviewed