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This article starts by sketching the links between changing mobility and migration patterns, processes of social transformation, corresponding migration control policies, and related perceptions of social problems. It acknowledges that since the 1980s in the US and the 1990s in Europe, migration studies have come of age, bringing about a plethora of typologies, concepts, and theories. However, the knowledge production of migration studies is haunted by a range of frustrations, including unconvincing definitions, lack of data, reductionism, short-range theories, often biased research funding practices, usually negative public and political discourse, and an underlying dominant perspective of the nation-state and thus an omnipresent sedentary bias. In contrast, this article offers some cornerstones of reflexive migration studies and drafts a migratory epistemology that takes inspiration from feminist and postcolonial epistemologies, resting on complexity thinking and acknowledging key intersectionalities while being rooted in thorough ethical reflections so as to contemplate the (re)politization of research. Wie weiter mit der Migrationsforschung? Auf der Suche nach einer migratorischen Erkenntnistheorie Dieser Artikel beginnt mit einer Skizze des Zusammenhangs von Mobilitäts und Migrationsmustern, Prozessen sozialen Wandels sowie damit verbundenen Migrationskontrollpolitiken und Wahrnehmungen sozialer Probleme. Er würdigt, dass die Migrationsforschung seit den 1980er Jahren in den USA und seit den 1990er Jahren in Europa erwachsen geworden ist und zahlreiche Typologien, Konzepte und Theorien hervorgebracht hat. Dennoch ist die Wissensproduktion gekennzeichnet durch eine frustrierende Reihe von wenig überzeugenden Definitionen, einen Mangel an Daten, zu kurz greifende Theorien, oftmals voreingenommene Forschungsförderpraktiken, meist negativ konnotierte öffentliche und politische Diskursen, eine den Betrachtungen zugrunde liegende Fokussierung auf den Nationalstaat sowie die allgegenwärtige Vorstellung von der Sesshaftigkeit als gesellschaftlicher Normalität. Alternativ dazu greift dieser Beitrag einige Kernideen reflexiver Migrationsstudien auf und skizziert eine migratorische Erkenntnistheorie, welche Anregungen aus feministischen und postkolonialen Erkenntnistheorien aufgreift, auf ›complexity thinking‹ beruht sowie wesentliche Intersektionalitäten anerkennt. Sie ist zugleich ethisch grundiert und berücksichtigt auch die (Re)Politisierung von Forschung.

This paper takes as a premise that world economics, world politics and global labour are changing and that whilst migration is a driver as well as a consequence of change it is changing, too. For long, conventional research focussed on north-north and south-north migrations, like across the Atlantic or from agricultural and industrialising to industrial countries. This was in part inspired by the economic and political dominance of the 'global north', but also driven by a western and Eurocentric bias. Meanwhile, a long period of economic and political transformations and turbulences gave rise to new economic powers, diversified the sending-receiving country matrix and thus fundamentally changed the determinants for international migration. I elaborate the concepts migration order and migration transition to argue that these are useful for analysing the changes in the configuration of sending, receiving and transit states. To illustrate the argument, this article takes Russia and Turkey and developments from the early 2000s as case studies and analyses the shifts in the regional and global migration flows.

The coronavirus crisis hit Turkey at an already particularly difficult time. Even though rapid policy responses - notably, travel restrictions and a lockdown - kept the number of infections under control, the social impact has been severe, particularly for refugees. Most have lost their jobs and thus their income, whilst having only restricted access to social benefits too. Many no longer even have access to sufficient food, and therefore resort to negative coping strategies. This exacerbates already pre-existing disadvantages, raises concerns over the future of social cohesion, pushes refugees deeper into poverty and also undermines their international protection by the Turkish state. For the European Union's Facility for Refugees in Turkey, this has resulted in a fundamentally new social context emerging.

This paper takes as a premise that world economics, world politics and global labour are changing and that whilst migration is a driver as well as a consequence of change it is changing, too. For long, conventional research focussed on north-north and south-north migrations, like across the Atlantic or from agricultural and industrialising to industrial countries. This was in part inspired by the economic and political dominance of the 'global north', but also driven by a western and Eurocentric bias. Meanwhile, a long period of economic and political transformations and turbulences gave rise to new economic powers, diversified the sending-receiving country matrix and thus fundamentally changed the determinants for international migration. I elaborate the concepts migration order and migration transition to argue that these are useful for analysing the changes in the configuration of sending, receiving and transit states. To illustrate the argument, this article takes Russia and Turkey and developments from the early 2000s as case studies and analyses the shifts in the regional and global migration flows.

"Mindestens 182 000 Flüchtlinge leben in den peripheren EU-Mitgliedstaaten, 530 000 in den EU-Nachbarstaaten. Ihre Situation ist gekennzeichnet durch erschwerten Zugang zu Schutz sowie teils unmenschliche Lebensbedingungen." (Autorenreferat)

CARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union. ; Remittances flowing from Ukrainian migrants working in high-income countries to Ukraine are an increasingly important source of extra income for migrants' families. Given the increasing size of aggregate remittance inflows, they are also expected to be a potential source of funding for the social and economic development of Ukraine as a whole. If remittances enhance investment in physical and human capital and thus boost productivity, they can help mitigate the possible negative economic effects of rapid population decline and the aging of the Ukrainian population. Yet the potential benefits of remittances are likely to be matched by potential costs. Thus, two main issues are of interest with regard to remittances in Ukraine: • what are their benefits and costs for migrants' families, local communities, the Ukrainian economy and society; and • how to harness their development potential while limiting any counterproductive side effects. This paper directly addresses these two questions. It does so by reporting first results from an ongoing effort to assess the potential development and unwanted side effects of remittances in Ukraine. These results come from a survey of the empirical literature in Ukraine and other transition economies and are supported, where possible, by the author's contributions. The purpose of this work is to draw out evidence-based policy implications. ; CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of Europe