Suchergebnisse

Data management, data processing and archiving in large collaborative projects generate their own unique technological and legal challenges. Based on experience gathered in the OncoTrack and eTRIKS consortia, both supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), we shall present an overview of project requirements and share experience in the process of providing the necessary legal framework.OncoTrack is an international consortium of 22 partners including academia, pharma industry and SMEs. The consortium is collecting extensive data from colon cancer to aid in biomarker discovery and is using the data to refine in silico methods for prediction of tumour response to therapy. eTRIKS is developing a European translational research framework to support management and analysis of electronic data generated by IMI and other biomedical research initiatives. The consortium is engaged in the development of a platform whose core is the tranSMART open-source software. This is combined with a portfolio of services for data staging, exploration and analysis appropriate for translational research. Data warehousing, data processing and archiving data for re-use and sustainability are processes linked to distinct phases in the lifetime of a project. In the OncoTrack consortium, warehousing and a considerable part of data processing are managed by the partners under the terms of the consortial Project Agreement and the Grant Agreement with the IMI. In order to make full use of the services of eTRIKS, however, a legal agreement was needed. Large collaborative projects are usually not legal entities - contracts must be concluded among all Partners involved. The solution found for the OncoTrack-eTRIKS collaboration was a Data Processing Agreement, allowing us to reduce the number of signatories, while ensuring a framework for technical support and guarantees of data security and privacy required by EU legislation.Archiving of data after completion of a project is essential to ensure sustainability of scientific progress and ...

WHILE THE EXTENT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IS GROWING, THIS TREND IS NEITHER NEW NOR UNIFORM. AN ECONOMICALLY BORDERLESS WORLD DOES NOT NOW EXIST, NOR IS IT IN PROSPECT; AND THE WORLD ECONOMY TODAY IS FURTHER AWAY FROM FULL INTEGRATION THAN IT WAS BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR. WHETHER AND HOW FAR THE TREND TOWARDS INTEGRATION WILL CONTINUE IS NOT PREDETERMINED, BUT DEPENDS ON GOVERNMENTS. THE MOST DIFFICULT ISSUES OF INTEGRATION RELATE TO CROSS-BORDER MIGRATION, WHICH IS NOW A LEADING ITEM ON THE INTERNATIONAL AGENDA.

This history of Colombia's illegal drug trade--and of the extreme violence it created--describes how in the late 1960s narcotics traffickers from the United States convinced Colombians who had no previous involvement in the drug trade to grow marijuana for export to America. By the early '70s, foreign (mostly American) traffickers began requesting cocaine. This book focuses on the decades of crime and violence the illegal drug trade brought to Colombia and how this social upset was ended in the early 2000s. Six chapters detail the Medellin and Cali cartels' war against the Colombian government