Suchergebnisse

Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail : jdpandey@rediffmail.com, drsoni_nk@rediffmail.com boepartment of Chemistry, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Government Degree College, Phaphamau, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India coepartment of Chemistry, Kamla Nehru Institute of Science, Sultanpur, Awadh University, Uttar Pradesh, India Manuscript receired 22 March 2007, revised 3 May 2007, accepted 10 May 2007 The deviations in molar refraction, reduced free volume and refractive index have been calculated for eleven binary and six ternary solutions at 298.15 K. Sign and magnitude of these properties have been utilized to illustrate the molecular interactions occurring in the systems. Moreover, Lorentz-Lorenz, Gladstone-Dale, Wiener, Heller, AragoBiot, Eykrnan and Oster relations have been used for theoretical prediction of refractive indices of all the solutions selected for the present study.

The adverse impacts of particulate air pollution and ground‐level ozone on public health and the environment have motivated the development of Canada Wide Standards (CWS) on air quality. In cost‐benefit analysis of air‐quality options, valuation of reduction in mortality is a critical step as it accounts for almost 80% of the total benefits and any bias in its evaluation can significantly skew the outcome of the analysis. The overestimation of benefits is a source of concern since it has the potential of diverting valuable resources from other needs to support broader health care objectives, education, and social services that contribute to enhanced quality of life. We have developed a framework of reasoning for the assessment of risk‐reduction initiatives that would support the public interest and enhance safety and quality of life. This article presents the Life Quality Index (LQI) as a tool to quantify the level of expenditure beyond which it is no longer justifiable to spend resources in the name of safety. It is shown that the LQI is a compound social indicator comprising societal wealth and longevity, and it is also equivalent to a utility function consistent with the basic principles of welfare economics and decision analysis. The LQI approach overcomes several shortcomings of the method used by the CWS Development Committee and provides guidance on the compliance costs that can be justified to meet the Standards.

The propagation of sonic discontinuities of arbitrary shape has been studied in a 3-dimensional gas flow with vibrational relaxation. The law of propagation is determined and the problem of growth and decay of waves has been solved. The effects of the wave geometry and that of vibrational relaxation on the global behaviour of the wave amplitude have been studied. It is found that the vibrational relaxation has a stabilizing effect on the wave in the sense that either it disallows or delays the shock formation. The two cases of diverging and converging waves have been discussed separately.