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International audience ; As a metropolis and the capital city of Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta fits into the neoliberal context, producing competition between spaces and cities. These kinds of urban production and urban management do not reduce inequalities inside the urban area. Moreover, it contributes to strain land access. We can question the governance modes in that metropolitan context. This paper compares two areas and its stakeholders in different phases of the urban project. The aim is to describe the negotiation and the contestation according to several factors: the legal status of people and of the land, the size of the community involved, the principles of urban development. At local scale, the top down production of the city is less relevant. Urban governance practices highlight new power relations and negotiation. The emergence of informal governments is linked to contested land uses. Also, some daily quiet encroachments cohabit with official planning practices: it contributes to the production of inequalities and vulnerability inside the city. In Budidharma (North Jakarta), a household's group helped by a NGO can negotiate with the owner (a developer company) and the local government to avoid their eviction. In Bintara (Bekasi), some residents resisted hardily against a residential high standing compound project because of unclear land use. They may be forced to leave this area very quickly.These two case studies question uses of ordinary citizen and of urban planners between individualization of social relations and collective mobilization. ; Jakarta, métropole et capitale de l'État indonésien, s'insère dans le contexte néolibéral de concurrence entre les espaces et les villes. Ces modes de production et de gestion urbaines n'ont pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participent à la mise en tension de l'accès aux ressources, posant la question des modes de gouvernance en œuvre dans cet ensemble métropolitain. Cet article met en perspective deux espaces et les ...

International audience ; As a metropolis and the capital city of Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta fits into the neoliberal context, producing competition between spaces and cities. These kinds of urban production and urban management do not reduce inequalities inside the urban area. Moreover, it contributes to strain land access. We can question the governance modes in that metropolitan context. This paper compares two areas and its stakeholders in different phases of the urban project. The aim is to describe the negotiation and the contestation according to several factors: the legal status of people and of the land, the size of the community involved, the principles of urban development. At local scale, the top down production of the city is less relevant. Urban governance practices highlight new power relations and negotiation. The emergence of informal governments is linked to contested land uses. Also, some daily quiet encroachments cohabit with official planning practices: it contributes to the production of inequalities and vulnerability inside the city. In Budidharma (North Jakarta), a household's group helped by a NGO can negotiate with the owner (a developer company) and the local government to avoid their eviction. In Bintara (Bekasi), some residents resisted hardily against a residential high standing compound project because of unclear land use. They may be forced to leave this area very quickly.These two case studies question uses of ordinary citizen and of urban planners between individualization of social relations and collective mobilization. ; Jakarta, métropole et capitale de l'État indonésien, s'insère dans le contexte néolibéral de concurrence entre les espaces et les villes. Ces modes de production et de gestion urbaines n'ont pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participent à la mise en tension de l'accès aux ressources, posant la question des modes de gouvernance en œuvre dans cet ensemble métropolitain. Cet article met en perspective deux espaces et les ...

International audience ; As a metropolis and the capital city of Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta fits into the neoliberal context, producing competition between spaces and cities. These kinds of urban production and urban management do not reduce inequalities inside the urban area. Moreover, it contributes to strain land access. We can question the governance modes in that metropolitan context. This paper compares two areas and its stakeholders in different phases of the urban project. The aim is to describe the negotiation and the contestation according to several factors: the legal status of people and of the land, the size of the community involved, the principles of urban development. At local scale, the top down production of the city is less relevant. Urban governance practices highlight new power relations and negotiation. The emergence of informal governments is linked to contested land uses. Also, some daily quiet encroachments cohabit with official planning practices: it contributes to the production of inequalities and vulnerability inside the city. In Budidharma (North Jakarta), a household's group helped by a NGO can negotiate with the owner (a developer company) and the local government to avoid their eviction. In Bintara (Bekasi), some residents resisted hardily against a residential high standing compound project because of unclear land use. They may be forced to leave this area very quickly.These two case studies question uses of ordinary citizen and of urban planners between individualization of social relations and collective mobilization. ; Jakarta, métropole et capitale de l'État indonésien, s'insère dans le contexte néolibéral de concurrence entre les espaces et les villes. Ces modes de production et de gestion urbaines n'ont pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participent à la mise en tension de l'accès aux ressources, posant la question des modes de gouvernance en œuvre dans cet ensemble métropolitain. Cet article met en perspective deux espaces et les ...

International audience ; As a metropolis and the capital city of Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta fits into the neoliberal context, producing competition between spaces and cities. These kinds of urban production and urban management do not reduce inequalities inside the urban area. Moreover, it contributes to strain land access. We can question the governance modes in that metropolitan context. This paper compares two areas and its stakeholders in different phases of the urban project. The aim is to describe the negotiation and the contestation according to several factors: the legal status of people and of the land, the size of the community involved, the principles of urban development. At local scale, the top down production of the city is less relevant. Urban governance practices highlight new power relations and negotiation. The emergence of informal governments is linked to contested land uses. Also, some daily quiet encroachments cohabit with official planning practices: it contributes to the production of inequalities and vulnerability inside the city. In Budidharma (North Jakarta), a household's group helped by a NGO can negotiate with the owner (a developer company) and the local government to avoid their eviction. In Bintara (Bekasi), some residents resisted hardily against a residential high standing compound project because of unclear land use. They may be forced to leave this area very quickly.These two case studies question uses of ordinary citizen and of urban planners between individualization of social relations and collective mobilization. ; Jakarta, métropole et capitale de l'État indonésien, s'insère dans le contexte néolibéral de concurrence entre les espaces et les villes. Ces modes de production et de gestion urbaines n'ont pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participent à la mise en tension de l'accès aux ressources, posant la question des modes de gouvernance en œuvre dans cet ensemble métropolitain. Cet article met en perspective deux espaces et les ...

Based on qualitative methodologies, this PhD dissertation proposes a geographical analysis of urban poverty, in one of the biggest city in the world. The urban region of Jakarta counts more than twenty millions of inhabitants. It comes up as the showcase for economic success in Indonesia and a node of globalization, where one could expect the level of poverty to have decreased. Yet, current urban dynamics contribute to unsettle urban spaces increasing the vulnerability of poor people. The examination of the concept of poverty through a geographical lens allows to grasp the diversity of social and spatial positions and positionnings, from the neighborhood level to the metropolitan area. It helps also to investigate how they compete with each other and are (re)negotiated and interwoven under the influence of power relations. More than the mere situation of poverty, this work is based on a cross-analysis of individual and collective trajectories and spatial transformations. Further than the issue of defining poverty, this thesis explores the role of representations and the interest of stakeholders in urban policies related to mainstream ideologies, such as urban neoliberalism. Finally, a comparison between different types of poverty's spaces in Jakarta and in Bekasi shows the strong differences in space's appropriations and space's uses. Beyond the idea of dualization of the urban society, this study aims to highlight the segmented interests of citizens, according to their sense of being legitimate in the city and their sense of belonging to the city. This shows how much the geographical inquiry is political. ; Fondée sur une démarche de terrain qualitative, cette thèse propose une analyse géographique de la pauvreté urbaine dans une des plus grandes villes du monde. La métropole de Jakarta, agglomération de plus de vingt millions d'habitants, s'affirme comme ville vitrine de la croissance économique de l'Indonésie et comme point relais de la mondialisation, où la pauvreté n'aurait, en somme, plus lieu d'être. ...

Based on qualitative methodologies, this PhD dissertation proposes a geographical analysis of urban poverty, in one of the biggest city in the world. The urban region of Jakarta counts more than twenty millions of inhabitants. It comes up as the showcase for economic success in Indonesia and a node of globalization, where one could expect the level of poverty to have decreased. Yet, current urban dynamics contribute to unsettle urban spaces increasing the vulnerability of poor people. The examination of the concept of poverty through a geographical lens allows to grasp the diversity of social and spatial positions and positionnings, from the neighborhood level to the metropolitan area. It helps also to investigate how they compete with each other and are (re)negotiated and interwoven under the influence of power relations. More than the mere situation of poverty, this work is based on a cross-analysis of individual and collective trajectories and spatial transformations. Further than the issue of defining poverty, this thesis explores the role of representations and the interest of stakeholders in urban policies related to mainstream ideologies, such as urban neoliberalism. Finally, a comparison between different types of poverty's spaces in Jakarta and in Bekasi shows the strong differences in space's appropriations and space's uses. Beyond the idea of dualization of the urban society, this study aims to highlight the segmented interests of citizens, according to their sense of being legitimate in the city and their sense of belonging to the city. This shows how much the geographical inquiry is political. ; Fondée sur une démarche de terrain qualitative, cette thèse propose une analyse géographique de la pauvreté urbaine dans une des plus grandes villes du monde. La métropole de Jakarta, agglomération de plus de vingt millions d'habitants, s'affirme comme ville vitrine de la croissance économique de l'Indonésie et comme point relais de la mondialisation, où la pauvreté n'aurait, en somme, plus lieu d'être. ...

International audience ; As a metropolis and the capital city of Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta fits into the neoliberal context, producing competition between spaces and cities. These kinds of urban production and urban management do not reduce inequalities inside the urban area. Moreover, it contributes to strain land access. We can question the governance modes in that metropolitan context. This paper compares two areas and its stakeholders in different phases of the urban project. The aim is to describe the negotiation and the contestation according to several factors: the legal status of people and of the land, the size of the community involved, the principles of urban development. At local scale, the top down production of the city is less relevant. Urban governance practices highlight new power relations and negotiation. The emergence of informal governments is linked to contested land uses. Also, some daily quiet encroachments cohabit with official planning practices: it contributes to the production of inequalities and vulnerability inside the city. In Budidharma (North Jakarta), a household's group helped by a NGO can negotiate with the owner (a developer company) and the local government to avoid their eviction. In Bintara (Bekasi), some residents resisted hardily against a residential high standing compound project because of unclear land use. They may be forced to leave this area very quickly.These two case studies question uses of ordinary citizen and of urban planners between individualization of social relations and collective mobilization. ; Jakarta, métropole et capitale de l'État indonésien, s'insère dans le contexte néolibéral de concurrence entre les espaces et les villes. Ces modes de production et de gestion urbaines n'ont pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participent à la mise en tension de l'accès aux ressources, posant la question des modes de gouvernance en œuvre dans cet ensemble métropolitain. Cet article met en perspective deux espaces et les ...

International audience ; As a metropolis and the capital city of Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta fits into the neoliberal context, producing competition between spaces and cities. These kinds of urban production and urban management do not reduce inequalities inside the urban area. Moreover, it contributes to strain land access. We can question the governance modes in that metropolitan context. This paper compares two areas and its stakeholders in different phases of the urban project. The aim is to describe the negotiation and the contestation according to several factors: the legal status of people and of the land, the size of the community involved, the principles of urban development. At local scale, the top down production of the city is less relevant. Urban governance practices highlight new power relations and negotiation. The emergence of informal governments is linked to contested land uses. Also, some daily quiet encroachments cohabit with official planning practices: it contributes to the production of inequalities and vulnerability inside the city. In Budidharma (North Jakarta), a household's group helped by a NGO can negotiate with the owner (a developer company) and the local government to avoid their eviction. In Bintara (Bekasi), some residents resisted hardily against a residential high standing compound project because of unclear land use. They may be forced to leave this area very quickly.These two case studies question uses of ordinary citizen and of urban planners between individualization of social relations and collective mobilization. ; Jakarta, métropole et capitale de l'État indonésien, s'insère dans le contexte néolibéral de concurrence entre les espaces et les villes. Ces modes de production et de gestion urbaines n'ont pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participent à la mise en tension de l'accès aux ressources, posant la question des modes de gouvernance en œuvre dans cet ensemble métropolitain. Cet article met en perspective deux espaces et les ...

International audience ; As a metropolis participating in the emergence process of the economy of Indonesia, Jakarta is taking part in the double movement of competitiveness with the other major metropolises of the region, while seeking to officially maintain social justice for its population. Today, Jakarta has been adopting neoliberal capitalist norms, while refusing the disengagement from the State. To date, this policy has not led to a reduction in inequalities in the metropolis, and might even contribute to its fragmentation. These developments, which are touching upon the governance of the city, are testifying to new principles guiding a course of action, such as fighting poverty in particular. The new practices relying on the social layers of an already strong and old society, are developing an individualisation of the poverty phenomenon and its treatment, giving value to the monetisation of public services and social as well as NGO welfare. Beyond inequalities, injustice is taking place in this new capitalistic context, which is ensuring the reproduction of domination relationships and the conservative modernisation of society. As such, this article seeks to show the existing tensions between the competitiveness of territories contributing to the insertion of metropolises into the globalised economy, and the imbalances produced at the national and urban territory levels, such as exclusion phenomena and the weakening of social cohesion. ; En tant que métropole participant au processus d'émergence de l'économie de son pays, Jakarta prend part au double mouvement de course à la compétitivité avec les autres métropoles majeures de la région tout en cherchant à maintenir officiellement une justice sociale pour sa population. Jakarta intègre aujourd'hui les normes du système capitaliste néolibéral, tout en refusant le désengagement de l'Etat. Cette politique n'a pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participe à sa fragmentation. Ces évolutions touchant la gouvernance de la ...

International audience ; As a metropolis participating in the emergence process of the economy of Indonesia, Jakarta is taking part in the double movement of competitiveness with the other major metropolises of the region, while seeking to officially maintain social justice for its population. Today, Jakarta has been adopting neoliberal capitalist norms, while refusing the disengagement from the State. To date, this policy has not led to a reduction in inequalities in the metropolis, and might even contribute to its fragmentation. These developments, which are touching upon the governance of the city, are testifying to new principles guiding a course of action, such as fighting poverty in particular. The new practices relying on the social layers of an already strong and old society, are developing an individualisation of the poverty phenomenon and its treatment, giving value to the monetisation of public services and social as well as NGO welfare. Beyond inequalities, injustice is taking place in this new capitalistic context, which is ensuring the reproduction of domination relationships and the conservative modernisation of society. As such, this article seeks to show the existing tensions between the competitiveness of territories contributing to the insertion of metropolises into the globalised economy, and the imbalances produced at the national and urban territory levels, such as exclusion phenomena and the weakening of social cohesion. ; En tant que métropole participant au processus d'émergence de l'économie de son pays, Jakarta prend part au double mouvement de course à la compétitivité avec les autres métropoles majeures de la région tout en cherchant à maintenir officiellement une justice sociale pour sa population. Jakarta intègre aujourd'hui les normes du système capitaliste néolibéral, tout en refusant le désengagement de l'Etat. Cette politique n'a pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participe à sa fragmentation. Ces évolutions touchant la gouvernance de la ...

International audience ; As a metropolis participating in the emergence process of the economy of Indonesia, Jakarta is taking part in the double movement of competitiveness with the other major metropolises of the region, while seeking to officially maintain social justice for its population. Today, Jakarta has been adopting neoliberal capitalist norms, while refusing the disengagement from the State. To date, this policy has not led to a reduction in inequalities in the metropolis, and might even contribute to its fragmentation. These developments, which are touching upon the governance of the city, are testifying to new principles guiding a course of action, such as fighting poverty in particular. The new practices relying on the social layers of an already strong and old society, are developing an individualisation of the poverty phenomenon and its treatment, giving value to the monetisation of public services and social as well as NGO welfare. Beyond inequalities, injustice is taking place in this new capitalistic context, which is ensuring the reproduction of domination relationships and the conservative modernisation of society. As such, this article seeks to show the existing tensions between the competitiveness of territories contributing to the insertion of metropolises into the globalised economy, and the imbalances produced at the national and urban territory levels, such as exclusion phenomena and the weakening of social cohesion. ; En tant que métropole participant au processus d'émergence de l'économie de son pays, Jakarta prend part au double mouvement de course à la compétitivité avec les autres métropoles majeures de la région tout en cherchant à maintenir officiellement une justice sociale pour sa population. Jakarta intègre aujourd'hui les normes du système capitaliste néolibéral, tout en refusant le désengagement de l'Etat. Cette politique n'a pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participe à sa fragmentation. Ces évolutions touchant la gouvernance de la ...

International audience ; As a metropolis participating in the emergence process of the economy of Indonesia, Jakarta is taking part in the double movement of competitiveness with the other major metropolises of the region, while seeking to officially maintain social justice for its population. Today, Jakarta has been adopting neoliberal capitalist norms, while refusing the disengagement from the State. To date, this policy has not led to a reduction in inequalities in the metropolis, and might even contribute to its fragmentation. These developments, which are touching upon the governance of the city, are testifying to new principles guiding a course of action, such as fighting poverty in particular. The new practices relying on the social layers of an already strong and old society, are developing an individualisation of the poverty phenomenon and its treatment, giving value to the monetisation of public services and social as well as NGO welfare. Beyond inequalities, injustice is taking place in this new capitalistic context, which is ensuring the reproduction of domination relationships and the conservative modernisation of society. As such, this article seeks to show the existing tensions between the competitiveness of territories contributing to the insertion of metropolises into the globalised economy, and the imbalances produced at the national and urban territory levels, such as exclusion phenomena and the weakening of social cohesion. ; En tant que métropole participant au processus d'émergence de l'économie de son pays, Jakarta prend part au double mouvement de course à la compétitivité avec les autres métropoles majeures de la région tout en cherchant à maintenir officiellement une justice sociale pour sa population. Jakarta intègre aujourd'hui les normes du système capitaliste néolibéral, tout en refusant le désengagement de l'Etat. Cette politique n'a pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participe à sa fragmentation. Ces évolutions touchant la gouvernance de la ...

International audience ; As a metropolis participating in the emergence process of the economy of Indonesia, Jakarta is taking part in the double movement of competitiveness with the other major metropolises of the region, while seeking to officially maintain social justice for its population. Today, Jakarta has been adopting neoliberal capitalist norms, while refusing the disengagement from the State. To date, this policy has not led to a reduction in inequalities in the metropolis, and might even contribute to its fragmentation. These developments, which are touching upon the governance of the city, are testifying to new principles guiding a course of action, such as fighting poverty in particular. The new practices relying on the social layers of an already strong and old society, are developing an individualisation of the poverty phenomenon and its treatment, giving value to the monetisation of public services and social as well as NGO welfare. Beyond inequalities, injustice is taking place in this new capitalistic context, which is ensuring the reproduction of domination relationships and the conservative modernisation of society. As such, this article seeks to show the existing tensions between the competitiveness of territories contributing to the insertion of metropolises into the globalised economy, and the imbalances produced at the national and urban territory levels, such as exclusion phenomena and the weakening of social cohesion. ; En tant que métropole participant au processus d'émergence de l'économie de son pays, Jakarta prend part au double mouvement de course à la compétitivité avec les autres métropoles majeures de la région tout en cherchant à maintenir officiellement une justice sociale pour sa population. Jakarta intègre aujourd'hui les normes du système capitaliste néolibéral, tout en refusant le désengagement de l'Etat. Cette politique n'a pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participe à sa fragmentation. Ces évolutions touchant la gouvernance de la ...

International audience ; As a metropolis participating in the emergence process of the economy of Indonesia, Jakarta is taking part in the double movement of competitiveness with the other major metropolises of the region, while seeking to officially maintain social justice for its population. Today, Jakarta has been adopting neoliberal capitalist norms, while refusing the disengagement from the State. To date, this policy has not led to a reduction in inequalities in the metropolis, and might even contribute to its fragmentation. These developments, which are touching upon the governance of the city, are testifying to new principles guiding a course of action, such as fighting poverty in particular. The new practices relying on the social layers of an already strong and old society, are developing an individualisation of the poverty phenomenon and its treatment, giving value to the monetisation of public services and social as well as NGO welfare. Beyond inequalities, injustice is taking place in this new capitalistic context, which is ensuring the reproduction of domination relationships and the conservative modernisation of society. As such, this article seeks to show the existing tensions between the competitiveness of territories contributing to the insertion of metropolises into the globalised economy, and the imbalances produced at the national and urban territory levels, such as exclusion phenomena and the weakening of social cohesion. ; En tant que métropole participant au processus d'émergence de l'économie de son pays, Jakarta prend part au double mouvement de course à la compétitivité avec les autres métropoles majeures de la région tout en cherchant à maintenir officiellement une justice sociale pour sa population. Jakarta intègre aujourd'hui les normes du système capitaliste néolibéral, tout en refusant le désengagement de l'Etat. Cette politique n'a pas permis jusqu'ici la réduction des inégalités dans la métropole, voire participe à sa fragmentation. Ces évolutions touchant la gouvernance de la ...